Types of Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as
intelligence
__________ are beliefs and opinions about the characteristics, attributes, and behaviors of members of various groups.
stereotypes
Flow is characterized by a ________ awareness of self and a ________ awareness of the passing of time.
heightened; diminished
Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to
deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers.
Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is
4
Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, creative, and ________ intelligence.
practical
When promised money for doing well on an intelligence test, adolescents in four dozen studies scored higher. This best illustrates that intelligence test performance is influenced by
motivation
The sense of mutual obligations between workers and employers is referred to as
a psychological contract
Ilhan is not upset that his girlfriend forgot his birthday because he believes that she forgot because she was worried about her upcoming finals and her father's health. Ilhan's explanation for his girlfriend's forgetfulness is an example of
an attribution
Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is
6
Those who are socially aware and know what to say to soothe a grieving friend or to encourage a struggling workmate most clearly demonstrate what type of intelligence?
emotional intelligence
Identical twins Madison and Claire live with their biological parents. Madison scored 120 on an intelligence test she took when she was 12 years old. Claire took the same test. How similar would you predict Claire's score to be (identical, very similar, not similar, totally different)?
very close to 120
Alex is a company manager who dictates workplace rules and task assignments without giving employees much opportunity to voice their task preferences or workplace concerns. Alex best illustrates what type of leadership style?
directive
Individuals are likely to conform to the responses of other group members if they ________ already publicly committed themselves to their own personal response and if they know that others in the group ________ observe their response.
have not; will
Melinda completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later, she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of
reliability
David's motorcycle would occasionally lose power or stall out. David thought about possible solutions: changing the ignition wires, putting an additive in the gas tank, or taking his motorcycle to a mechanic and letting the mechanic figure out the problem. David decided to put an additive in the gas tank to see if that corrected the problem. Which of Sternberg's intelligences was David using?
analytical intelligence
Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea. This best illustrates that mental abilities are
socially influenced
When meeting job applicants, employers often discount the influence of varying situations on applicants' behaviors and presume that what they observe applicants do and say reflects the applicants' enduring personality traits. This most clearly contributes to
interviewer illusion
Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to what type of social influence?
normative social influence
When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be
standardization
Which psychologist most strongly emphasized that those who score above average on tests of spatial ability typically also score above average on tests of verbal or reasoning ability?
Charles Spearman
Jim, age 55, plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome. His concern actually undermines his athletic performance. This best illustrates the impact of
stereotype threat
How would human factors psychologists make an effort to reduce traffic accidents? Name two ways.
distractions, fatigue while driving, and inattention
When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates
group polarization
A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admissions test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school. The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is
valid