Know it all
This level of category is maximally distinctive for most people (non-experts), and appear to be psychologically privileged.
What are basic level categories?
In a serial position task, long-term memory is associated with this effect.
What is the primacy effect?
Damage to this area of the brain often results in anterograde amnesia, but does generally not affect short-term memory.
What is the hippocampus?
This phenomena describes increased recall for events that typically occurred between the ages of 10 and 30.
What is the reminiscence bump?
The role of this structure in memory formation may be to flag significant emotional events.
What is the amygdala?
This approach to categorization compares an item to a mentally-stored average representation of all category members encountered in the past.
What is the prototype approach?
If we can no longer form new long-term memories, but our short-term memory works fine, we are experiencing this type of amnesia.
What is anterograde amnesia?
This type of memory is for general knowledge, such as facts and concepts, and shows a double dissociation from episodic memory.
What is semantic memory?
Flashbulb memories are thought to be explained by repeated exposure to media, such as television news coverage, as stated in this hypothesis.
What is the narrative rehearsal hypothesis?
A study found that over time, confidence increases but vividness decreases for this type of memory.
What are flashbulb memories?
This quality of semantic networks results from storing shared properties at higher level nodes, which are "inherited" by lower-level items.
What is cognitive economy?
We are not usually aware of these types of memories, which can be established though classical conditioning or priming.
What are implicit memories?
If you study in the same room where you will be writing a test, then you will likely perform better than if you had studied elsewhere, also known as this effect.
What is encoding specificity?
This hypothesized reason for the reminiscence bump states that encoding is better during periods of rapid change that are followed by stability.
What is the cognitive hypothesis?
This rapid process of consolidation involves both structural and functional changes.
What is synaptic consolidation?
This approach to categorization often fails because not all category members will meet the same description.
What is the definitional approach?
If we present a list of numbers to a participant, but delay recall for 30 seconds, we often see a decrease in this effect.
What is the recency effect?
The three words "Ring, Conflict, and Cut" cue the word "diamond" to me, but "divorce" to others. This demonstrates which retrieval effect?
What are creator-specific effects?
Along with retroactive interference, this is a second mechanism that explains the power of suggestion to influence memory.
What are source attribution errors?
This critical process increases the temporal stability of memories, which can simultaneously become vulnerable to corruption.
What is reconsolidation?
People are faster to categorize a robin as a bird than they are a penguin, demonstrating this effect.
What is the typicality effect?
What is semanticization?
In this model of systems consolidation, retrieval depends on the hippocampus during initial consolidation, but not for the retrieval of more remote memories.
What is the standard model of consolidation?
If we are unsure whether the perpetrator is included in a lineup, we should use this method to decrease the probability of false IDs.
What is using fillers that are similar to the suspect?
The multiple trace hypothesis of systems consolidation states that the hippocampus remains critical for the retrieval of both recent and remote memories of this type.
What are episodic memories?