Constitution and Union
What was the first constitution of the United States, which created a weak national government?
The Articles of Confederation
Who became president in 1801 following the election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson
What term describes the shift from household production and subsistence farming toward producing goods for sale and profit?
Who served as president during the period known as the Era of Good Feelings?
James Monroe
Who was elected president in 1828 and became associated with the political rise of the common white man?
Andrew Jackson
What 1786-1787 uprising by Massachusetts farmers exposed weaknesses in the Confederation government?
Shays' Rebellion
What 1803 purchase from France dramatically expanded the territory of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase
What form of transportation, improved by Robert Fulton, allowed boats to travel upstream against river currents?
The Steamboat
What institution was chartered in 1816 to help stabilize American currency and regulate state banks?
The Second Bank of the United States
What practice rewarded a president’s political supporters with government jobs?
The spoils system
What compromise at the Constitutional Convention created a two-house Congress with different methods of representation?
The Great Compromise also called the Connecticut Compromise
What 1803 Supreme Court decision established the principle of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
What invention made cotton processing much faster and contributed to the expansion of slavery in the South?
The Cotton Gin
What 1820 agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state?
The Missouri Compromise
What 1830 law authorized the relocation of Native American nations from lands east of the Mississippi River?
The Indian Removal Act
What two political groups disagreed over ratifying the Constitution, particularly over federal power and individual rights?
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
What 1807 policy attempted to pressure Britain and France by prohibiting American exports, but instead severely damaged the American economy?
The Embargo Act of 1807
What Massachusetts textile-factory system employed young women under supervised living and working arrangements?
The Lowell System
What 1823 foreign-policy declaration warned European powers against further colonization or interference in the Americas?
The Monroe Doctrine
What constitutional doctrine did John C. Calhoun defend when he argued that a state could invalidate a federal law it considered unconstitutional?
Nullification
What controversial 1798 laws led Jefferson and Madison to argue that states could challenge unconstitutional federal legislation?
The Alien and Sedition Acts (promoting the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions)
What 1814 gathering of New England Federalists revealed regional opposition to the War of 1812 and helped damage the Federalist Party's reputation?
The Hartford Convention
What development connected the growing textile industry of the North to the expansion of plantation slavery in the South?
The rise of cotton production (King Cotton), driven by textile demand and the cotton gin
What phrase describes the alleged political arrangement in the election of 1824 in which Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams, who subsequently appointed Clay secretary of state?
The Corrupt Bargain
What major economic institution did Jackson attack by vetoing its recharter and removing federal deposits, helping create a defining political conflict of his presidency?
The Second Bank of the United States (the Bank War)