Cardiac
Cardiac Output is calculated this way
what is Heart Rate x Stroke Volume (CO= HR x SV)
How does a low respiratory rate affect carbon dioxide?
low RR > increased blood CO2
fast RR > low blood CO2
Which places do you check for skin turgor and what is the normal finding?
What is above the clavicle, the normal finding would be skin turgor normal, and no tenting.
During the Rinne Test (Using the tuning fork on the mastoid) the following is the normal finding:
Air conduction > Bone conduction ( Air conduction is twice as long as bone conduction)
Raise brows, Puff cheeks and smile tests which cranial nerve
Facial Nerve, CN VII, motor component
This test assesses far visual acuity at 20 feet using a letter chart.
What is the Snellen Test?
Describe assessment of the Apical Pulse
Use two fingers to palpate the apical pulse at the left 5th Intercostal Space, MCL. Palpable in 50% of people
What should you do if you can't palpate your patient's pulse?
All Correct: Compare to other side, use a doppler, check cap refill, check temperature, notify physician if still unable to locate
What is Colostrum?
Why are children less than 3 more likely to have Otitis Media?
Eustatian tube is more horizontal therefore easier for germs to spread into middle ear from the nasopharynx.
your patient has acute tonsillitis and a lot of enlarged lymph nodes in the anterior neck. This is known as
lymphadenopathy
Localized staph infection of a hair follicle on the eyelid that produces a small "pus spot".
What is a hordeolum (stye)?
describe afterload
the opposing pressure that the LV (Left Ventricle) must overcome
Skeletal deformity of the torso commonly seen in the elderly, especially if they have Osteoporosis
Kyphosis
Clubbing occurs secondarily to
chronic lack of oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxia) body responds by increasing the capillary vascular bed in the distal digits
What is the location and purpose of the Eustachian Tube?
The Eustachian tube is located between the middle ear and nasopharynx, it helps with equalization of pressure along with fluid drainage in the middle ear.
A lymph node that is firm and non tender is concerning for
Cancer nearby
Bulging of the eyeballs commonly associated with hyperthyroidism.
What is exophthalmos?
Peripheral edema in the extremities and Jugular Vein Distension (JVD) can be a result _______
R sided heart failure
Describe where to palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse and the posterior tibialis pulse?
DP: Located on the top of the foot / dorsal side, medial part of the foot. PT: behind medial malleolus
State the ABCDEs of Malignant Melanoma
What is Asymmetry, Border is irregular, Color is varied, Diameter is > 6 mm, Evolution
Tonsils are enlarged and touching the uvula but not each other
Grade 3
Is lymphedema a form of cancer?
No. It can occur secondarily to lymph node removal as part of cancer treatment OR other damage to lymphatic vessels or nodes in the area affected.
A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that extends from the inner canthus toward the cornea.
What is pterygium?
Major signs/Complications of Left Sided Heart Failure
What is SOB, crackles in the lungs(indicative of pulmonary edema),orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and persistent cough/ wheezing
Describe anatomical landmarks and location of the lobes of the lungs posteriorly R and L
Vertebral Prominens = C7, below that T1
Upper Lobes apex of lungs to T3.
Lower Lobes below T3
At which age range should women get a breast cancer screening every year?
At ages 45- 54 years old, women should be getting scanned every year according to American Cancer Society
Compare expected exam findings in Otitis Externa and Otitis Media
OE: Canal symptoms: STS, exudate, tender pinna and tragus, decreased hearing
OM: redness of TM, + fluid level, pain, decreased hearing, may be associated with sinus congestion or sinus infection
Commonly known as the Adam's Apple?
Thyroid Cartilage. Is this where the Thyroid gland is? NO.
This condition is defined as intraocular pressure greater than 22 mmHg and affects peripheral vision.
What is glaucoma?