Who were the architects who worked on the Parthenon?
Ictinos and Callicrates
100
Who initiated the Acropolis rebuilding project?
Pericles
100
What did Draco do?
Codified Athenian law
100
Who made up the Areopagus?
Ex-Archons
100
True or False: The Parthenon and the Acropolis use both Ionic and Doric architectural orders.
True
200
The slight bulging in the central drums of each column on the Parthenon is known as
entasis
200
What is the Propylea?
the monumental entrance to the Acropolis
200
Who is Cylon?
Former Olympic victor who attempts to establish a tyranny in Athens
200
What is a Tyrant?
Someone who seized power unconventionally
200
True or False: While the Spartiates and the Perioikoi were considered Spartan citizens, the Helots did not have citizenship and were treated as slaves.
False- Perioikoi did not hold Spartan citizenship
300
What aspects of Ionic and Doric architecture can be seen on the Parthenon?
Doric triglyphs and metopes on the outside and an Ionic frieze running along the interior
300
What does nike mean in reference to the Temple of Athena Nike?
Victory
300
Who is Ephialtes?
man who betrayed the Greeks at Thermopylae by showing the Persians the mountain pass that would allow them to encircle the Spartan troops
300
What are the names of the Athenian and Spartan Assembly levels of government?
Ekklesia and Apella
300
True or False: Herodotus, the father of history, was from a city in Asia Minor called Miletus, which is modernly known as Bodrum.
False- He was from Halicarnassus, modern day Bodrum
400
Why is the formula x/2x+1 relevant to the Parthenon?
It is the formula that determines the sides of the temple in relation to the numbers of columns on the front and back. These proportions are one of the reasons why the Parthenon looks perfect.
400
Why was the temple named the Erechteum if it was dedicated to Athena?
It is also dedicated to the ancient Athenian king Erechtheus and it is where his tomb is located.
400
Name one thing that each Persian king did? Hint: Cyrus, Darius, Xerxes
Cyrus- Defeated Croesus and took Lydia
Darius- sent out Thracian Expedition
Xerxes- Dug a canal in order to avoid Mt. Athos
400
Identify dual kingship.
The 2 kings that ruled Sparta simultaneously were the executive level of Spartan government. In charge of religious and judicial functions as well as the supreme commanders in war. May have been the result of the union of two communities.
400
True or False: Before Democracy evolved there, Athens, like other Greek states, had developed from aristocracy through tyranny to plutocracy.
False- It turned into an oligarchy not a plutocracy
500
What is Pentelic Marble and how is it relevant to the Parthenon?
Pentelic marble is very white and pristine marble that comes from a stone quarry on Mt. Pentelicon. It is the marble that was used to build the Parthenon. They wouldn't have been able to afford to build the Parthenon if they had attempted to get marble elsewhere.
500
What is significant about the west Cella of the Parthenon?
It doesn't connect to the main cella. Instead it housed the treasury of the Delian League once Pericles moves it from Delos to Athens.
500
Name four of Solon's reforms.
abolished debt bondage, created council of 400, created 4 class system, established the Heliaia
500
What is ostracism and why was it instated?
Athenians would vote on an ostracon and the man with the most votes would be exiled without penalty for 10 years. This was a way to remove people with too much influence in the hopes of preventing tyranny
500
True or False: Hippas, the ex-Athenian tyrant and son of Peisistratus, guided the Persian generals, Datis and Artephernes, to Marathon where the Athenians and Plataeans achieve victory in 490 B.C.