Hobbes
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
What is life in the state of nature?
Parents hold this kind of power over children, different than sovereign or political power
What is paternal power?
All desire for food, sleep, and procreation are met in this state.
What is the state of nature?
This determines whether representative government is the best form of government
What is the quality of the people?
These are the people who are the property owners under capitalism
Who are the bourgeoisie or capitalists?
This is a state of war of all against all
What is the state of nature?
Locke argued that individuals form governments to protect these natural rights.
What are life, liberty, and property?
Focusing on this sets the general will apart from the will of all
What is the common interest?
The primary goal of government
What is progress?
The value of one commodoty expressed in terms of another for which it is exchanged
What is exchange-value?
This is necessary to end the state of nature
What is absolute sovereignty?
Two ways to consent to the rule of law
What are are tacit and explicit consent?
A kind of will that is focused on individual private desires
What is the individual or particular will?
Granting this to more people, including women and poor people, will make government work better
What is voting?
This is the the value that is realized when something is used or consumed
What is use-value?
The monster that people create in order to escape the state of nature
What is the leviathan?
This distinguishes children from adults
What is the ability to reason?
Things that caused a descent into society
What are competition, tools, and comparison?
The two primary challenges representative government must overcome
What are ignorance and special interests?
Due to inherent exploitation of workers, this is inevitiable under capitalism
What is class conflict?
Fulfilling your covenant, and does not exist in the state of nature
What is justice?
What you must leave for others when you acquire private property
What is enough and as good left in common?
Maybe mix your labor and make a claim, but private property really relies on this.
What is other people's recognition?
This type of despotism is more noxious than a bad despotism.
What is good despotism?
The socially necessary labor time required to produce something
What is class conflict?