Glycolysis
What two enzymes can be used to transform Glucose into Glucose-6-Phosphate?
Hexokinase in muscle cells and Glucokinase in liver cells.
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle take place?
Inside the mitochondria
What enzyme is used to transform 6-phosphoglucogamma lactone into 6-phosphogluconate?
Lactonase
Where is glut 4 found?
Adipose and muscle
What carries NADH into the mitochondria?
Glycerol-3-Phosphate shuttle
What reaction takes place with the enzyme phosphofructokinase I?
Fructose-6-Phosphate is changed to Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate
What molecule does the Citric Acid cycle start and end with?
Oxaloacetate
What is produced in the oxidative pathway of the pentose phosphate pathway?
DNA and RNA
Which glut has the highest affinity for oxygen and where is it found?
Glut 1 and 3 are found in the brain.
What disease results when a person lacks Thiamine?
Beri-beri
Under what conditions would Lactic Acid be produced?
Low oxygen
Name one negative regulator of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
NADH or Succinyl CoA
What is the product of the non-oxidative pathway of the pentose phosphate pathway?
What hormone does the pancreas release under low glucose levels?
Glucagon
What is a Ylid?
Negatively charged carbon next to a positively charge element.
What are the three enzymes that are not reversible in glycolysis?
Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase I, and pyruvate kinase
Why must Citrate be converted to Isocitrate?
Because it is a tertiary alcohol. Therefore it is very unreactive.
What cofactor is needed to convert Glucose-6-Phosphate to 6-phosphoglucogammalactone in the enzyme Glucose-6-dehydrogenase?
NADP is put in and NADPH comes out.
Which glut has the lowest affinity for oxygen and where is it found?
Glut 2 is found in the liver
Name two negative regulators of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
ATP, Acetyl CoA, NADH, and fatty acids
What hormone causes Glycogen phosphorylase to produce Glucose-1-Phosphate
Epinephrine
What cofactor is needed to transform succinate to fumerate in the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase?
FAD+ goes in and FADH2 comes out
What is the main reason our bodies use the pentose phosphate pathway?
To produce NADPH which can later be used for fats.
How many ATP is NADH worth when produced inside the mitochondria?
2.5
What type of reaction occurs when fumerate is converted to malate? (Hint: it creates a chiral center)
Michael Addition