Memory and attention (week 8)
If someone close to you in the lecture theatre is 'multitasking' (looking at non-related content on their laptop) will this affect your comprehension of the lecture?
Yes! - shown in Sana et al. 2013's study
FBI LP BBC CBS ESPN PHD... this is example of what memory technique?
Chunking
Common action routines
Scripts
Appraisal theories
organized ways of knowing or organized theories about the world
Schemes
What types of long term memory fall under 'declarative memory'?
Semantic memory, episodic memory
In this type of recall, subjects are given retrieval cues meant to remind them of studied items with the goal of assisting recall.
Cued Recall
assessing something as more prevalent if it comes to mind very easily
Salience bias
a highly vivid and detailed 'snapshot' of a moment in which a consequential, surprising and emotionally arousing piece of news was learned. 'feel' accurate (we are confident in recall) but are just as prone to forgetting & change as other episodic memories.
Flashbulb memory
process by which new experiences are assimilated into existing conceptual schemes
Assimilation
When information comes into our memory system (from sensory input), it needs to be changed into a form that the system can cope with, so that it can be stored. What is this process called?
Encoding
Trying to remember a hot babe's digits, Donny will repeat it in his head over & over...this is called:
Rehearsal
The mental processes involved in making inferences and decisions in situation involving strong emotion
Hot cognition
This theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events
James-Lange theory of emotion
process by which existing cognitive schemes are modified as a result of new experiences not fitting into current schemes
Accomodation
Why do people that take practice tests over time do better in a test compared to those who just studied?
because they strengthen their retrieval pathways
This suggests that we best remember the first and last items in a series and find it hard to remember the middle items.
Serial position effect
tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values
Confirmation bias
What are the three important parts of the brain involved in processing emotion?
Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus
Does Piagetian theory emphasise that development is continuous or discontinuous?
Discontinuous (i.e., involves QUALITATIVE changes).
Demonstrates the rate at which information is forgotten over time if we don't attempt to retain it.
Ebbinghaus curve of forgetting
What are the four aspects of Jenkins’ Tetrahedral Guide for Memory Research?
Subjects/participants, retrieval, material, encoding
Classifying something by how closely it matches our prototype of a group
Representative heuristics
This theory states that the lower part of the brain, also called the thalamus, controls your experience of emotion. At the same time, the higher part of the brain, also called the cortex, controls the expression of emotion. It is believed that these two parts of the brain react simultaneously.
Cannon-band theory of emotion
What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s Stage Model of Cognitive Development?