Infants display some of the same reflexive facial expressions that older children and adults display in response to three basic tastes: _____ _____ sweet
sweet, sour, bitter
300
The term John Bowlby came up with to describe the inseparable, invaluable, strongest type of attached that can ever exist between birth mother and child.
Matrilineal Monotropism
300
Activity level is a temperamental quality that refers to how much children tend to move and expend energy. On average during childhood, boys' activity level tends to be higher than girls. True or False?
True
300
____________ came up with the Cultural-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development, which looks at the role of culture in the development of higher mental functions.
Lev Vygotsky
400
Write down 4 of the 7 components of Bowlby's theory of attachment.
Girls tend to be somewhat more likely to use collaborative statements, which reflect _____ affiliation and ______ assertion. Boys tend to be more likely to use directive statements, which reflect _____ assertion and _______ affiliation.
High, high, high, low
400
Parental overregulation of children's eating behavior has the strongest correlation with which eating disorder?
Binge eating
400
______________ is defined as the process whereby we actively influence our own social development and outcomes.This process plays a role in children's academic achievement based on the cognitive-motivational theories.
Self-socialization.
400
According to Vygotsky, what is the difference between "actual development" and "level of potential development"?
Actual development: upper limit of tasks a child can perform individually
Level of potential development: upper limit of tasks a child can perform with the assistance of a more knowledgeable other
500
Write down the name of Erikson's first 6 stages of psychosocial development?
trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame/doubt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation.
500
Inner speech does not become fully functional until after age __________. The psychological nature of inner speech is important because it represents the most advanced level of the relationship between thinking and speech.
12
500
With inadequate energy, _______________ children tend to reduce their energy expenditure and withdraw from stimulation, making them quiet and passive. Apathy, slowed growth, and delayed development limit their opportunity to learn.
Malnutrition
500
What are five of the six assumptions of Vygotsky's theory?
1.Through formal and informal communication adults convey to children the way their culture interprets and responds to the world. 2. Thought and language become increasingly independent in the first few years of life. 3. Complex mental processes begin as social activities. 4. Children can perform more challenging tasks when assisted by more advanced and competent individuals
5. Challenging tasks promote maximum cognitive growth.
6. Play allows children to stretch themselves cognitively
500
What are four reasons that could lead to childhood obesity?
1.Sedentary lifestyle
2.Decreased physical education programs at school
3.Healthy food options and a lack of awareness
4.Unhealthy food is less expensive