Science of Nutrition
This unit measures the energy provided by food and is defined as the amount of energy required to raise 1g of water by 1℃ .
What is a calorie?
This DRI value represents the daily intake that meets the needs of nearly all healthy individuals.
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
The name of the annual survey conducted by the CDC that serves as the primary source of data on the nutritional adequacy of the American diet.
What is National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)?
A situation in which the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or the ability to acquire acceptable food in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain.
What is food insecurity?
A major historical period in the late 1700s which led to mechanized farming.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
These nutrients are consumed in large amounts and are the source of calories in our food. They include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
What are macronutrients?
This DRI value is used when there is not enough evidence to establish an RDA and is based on observed or experimental estimates.
What is Adequate Intake (AI)?
The two federal departments responsible for developing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans every five years.
What are the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)?
A severe protein-calorie malnutrition characterized by severe wasting, abdominal distention, swelling of the hands and feet, hair and tooth loss.
What is kwashiorkor?
A type of agriculture that requires difficult human effort before machinery was common.
What is labor-intensive agriculture?
Refers to the balance between the calories that are consumed from diet and the calories used through physical activity and metabolism.
What is energy balance?
This DRI value is most appropriate for assessing nutrient needs at the population level because it estimates intake that meets the needs of 50% of individuals.
What is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?
Four of the five dietary components Americans commonly consume in excess.
What are calories, added sugars, saturated fats, refined grains, and salt?
Nutrition-assistance program formerly known as Food Stamps.
What is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?
This term describes an environment where the industrial food system is able to produce much more food than necessary to feed the poplution; overeating and weight gain are common.
What is an obesogenic environment?
A type of polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human enzymes. They provide bulk to stool and help maintain regular bowel movements. It helps regulate blood sugars, lower LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids, and increases satiety without providing calories.
What are dietary fibers?
A smoker requires higher intake of this vitamin due to increased oxidative stress and risk of deficiency.
What is vitamin C?
Two of the three main purposes of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).
What is science-based advice on food/nutrition to meet nutritional needs?
What is maintaining a healthy weight?
What is reducing the risk of chronic disease?
Compare the characteristics of malnourished individuals in developing vs. developed countries.
In developing countries, what are insufficient caloric intake and wasting.
In developed countries, what are sufficient/excess caloric intake and micronutrient deficiencies?
This agency tracks foodborne illnesses through the Food Net Surveillance Program.
What is the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
This category of compounds is not required to meet basic nutritional needs but is recognized for its responsibility in the changes in health status, including compounds like lycopene, epigallocatechin gallate, and resveratrol.
What are bioactive food components?
This public health strategy adds nutrients to commonly consumed foods and has reduced diseases like rickets, goiter, and neural tube defects in the U.S.
What is food fortification?
Four of six general dietary recommendations that major health organizations agree on for chronic disease prevention.
What is maintaining a healthy body weight?
What is eating at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily?
What is choosing whole grains when possible?
What is limiting alcohol?
What is minimizing salt intake?
What is limiting highly processed or preserved foods?
Three reasons for the “hunger/obesity paradox."
What is cheap high calorie food?
What is greater access to fast-food outlets than grocery stores?
What is inconsistent access to food?
Two consumer trends that grew because of increased concerns about pesticides, hormones and packing chemicals in food.
What is organic food consumption?
What is the direct purchase of local foods?