Diagnosis
True or False: COPD can be diagnosed clinically
False
Preferred first line treatment for GOLD Group A
LAMA
What is the #1 risk factor for developing COPD?
Smoking
Trelegy
Vilanterol/umeclidinium/fluticasone
Triple therapy
The pulmonary function test that measures inhaled and exhaled airflow to diagnose COPD.
Spirometry
Initial treatment for Gold Group B?
LAMA/LABA
Adults aged 19-64 with a diagnosis of COPD should received one dose of this vaccine in addition to routine adult vaccines.
Pneumococcal (PCV15 + 23-valent one year later, or one dose of PCV20)
Incruse Ellipta
Umeclidinium
LAMA
To diagnose COPD, FEV1/FVC ratio must be less than...
0.70
This medication is rarely used as a monotherapy, given it increases risk for oral thrush and PNA without benefit to mortality or FEV1.
ICS
This medication needs to be used with caution in patients with risk of cardiovascular disease due to a 2008 meta-analysis suggesting an increase in CV mortality when it was used as a rescue inhaler.
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
SAMA
Spiriva
Tiotropium
LAMA
Administering this medication prior to immediately repeating spirometry is the most reliable way to confirm COPD
Short-acting bronchodilator
A structured program for patients with COPD that involves exercise training, education, nutrition counseling, and behavioural/mental health support. It has been shown to reduce overall mortality, hospital stay, and readmission in patients who were admitted with COPD exacerbation.
Pulmonary rehabilitation
The B.O.D.E. Index, which assesses these four factors, can be used to help estimate the 4-year survival of patients with COPD.
BMI, Obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise
Breztri
budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol
Triple therapy
Deficiency of this protein could lead to increased risk of developing COPD.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Can consider adding this medication to the regimen for a GOLD Group E patient who is on triple therapy without symptom control.
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors (or prophylactic macrolides on case-by-case basis)
A surgery that can be performed for patients with severe emphysema that is minimally invasive, usually done video or robotic-assisted, where damaged tissue is removed from the lungs (usually the upper lobes).
Lung Volume Reduction surgery
Daliresp
Roflumilast
PDE-4 inhibitor