HR
Which cells in the pancreas release insulin?
Beta cells
What is the most common cause (agent) of UTIs in small animals?
E. coli
What is the hallmark clinical sign of Vagal Indigestion?
Papple
Which liver disease occurs after a period of anorexia, where fat cats are at a greater risk?
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis
Which Micromineral/Trace mineral is important for wound healing and skin health?
Zinc
Which hormone is the major product of thyroid hormone synthesis?
T4
What is the most common natural colloid used for fluid therapy?
Whole Blood or Plasma
Where in the brainstem is the emetic center located?
Medulla oblongata
Name the inducible enzymes of the liver.
ALP and GGT
Name one (or more) important function of vitamin K.
Blood clotting factors
Prothrombin synthesis
Bone metabolism
A febrile dog presents to the clinic for a thyroid panel evaluation. Decreased thyroid hormone (T4) is found. What is a possible explanation?
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Describe Lactated Ringers Solution (LRS).
(Type and Tonicity)
Balanced isotonic crystalloid
One function of bile acids is emulsification. What is emulsification?
Increases the surface area of fats for pancreatic lipases
Name the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
Fat-soluble vitamins: ADEK
Water-soluble vitamins: C and B complex
According to the sources, lipases depend on the presence of which substances to be effective?
Bile salts
Which pituitary condition in horses is associated with hyperadrenocorticism?
Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID)
Which electrolyte imbalance is most important to consider when it comes to urinary obstruction?
Hyperkalemia
Which emetic drug is described as being effective in dogs but NOT in cats?
Apomorphine
Which deficiency in cats is well known for causing blindness?
Taurine Deficiency
In the collecting duct of the nephron, which hormones stimulates water absorption through the release of aquaporins?
ADH (from the pituitary)
What is the term for the accumulation of hyaluronic acid in hypothyroidism?
Myxedema
Which upper urinary tract pathology describes the descending hematogenous spread of bacteria causes bacterial emboli (blood clots/pus that contain bacteria) within glomerular capillaries?
Glomerulonephritis
What is the causative agent of Hemorrhagic Enteritis in newborn piglets?
Clostridium perfringens (type C)
Calculate the Resting Energy Requirement (RER) for a 27 lb Pembroke Welsh Corgi
459 kcal/day
Evaluate the blood gas analysis:
pH = 7.01 (R: 7.351-7.46)
PCO2 = 79 (R: 30.8-42.8)
HCO3- = 28 (R: 18.8-25.6)
Respiratory Acidosis with Compensation