What is the major difference between relational research and experimental research?
Only experimental research can be used to determine causation; relational can only predict or determine correlations.
100
How do you make sure that all subjects have an equal chance of being in any group of the experiment?
What is random assignment
100
What is the probability of getting the same results in the same situation, various times?
Reliability
200
What does it mean if I have a correlation that is -.9
It is negative so as one variable increases, the other will decrease and it has a high magnitude so a very strong relationship/ability to predict what another variable will be
200
Give an example of an extraneous/nuisance variable (which is a variable that we cannot control in an experiment but that could affect the results, especially if we don't use random assignment)
hours of sleep someone got the night before, etc.
200
How would you determine if a study is externally valid?
Replicate the experiment
300
What is the difference between an ordinal scale and an interval scale?
an interval scale has equal intervals/values between each number, such as 1,2,3; an ordinal scale just contains names and an order such as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd place
300
What is reactivity?
The expectations of an individual towards the experiment that could affect the results
300
What is the best way to have construct validity?
Operationally define your variables
400
What type of data has a true zero point, equal intervals between numbers, and can calculate frequency?
What is ratio
400
This is a kind of variable that the experimenter keeps the same for all groups because it could otherwise become an independent variable
What is a control variable
400
What is psychophysics and give an example
The difference between an actual physical stimulus and how it is perceived; ex: pain
500
What are some examples of a ratio type of data?
What is height, weight, temperature, etc.
500
What type of variable does co-vary with the independent variable and therefore makes it extremely hard, if not impossible, to interpret the results properly
What is a confounding variable
500
What are two ways to calculate reliability and describe each of those processes
1. Test-retest- use two similar forms and compare your results on each of the forms, looking for similar results to indicate reliability
2. Split-half- split the form so that both halves are fairly equal in the type of question being asked and compare the first half to the second half, looking for similar results to indicate reliability