Divergent Boundaries, Convergent Boundaries, and Transform fault boundaries.
200
What are the 2 factors that affect volcanic eruptions and why?
Viscosity- The more viscous the substance, the more violent the eruption.
Dissolved gases- The more gases involved, it increases pressure and the more violent the eruption.
200
What is viscosity?
Viscosity is a substances resistance to flow.
200
The dust from Mt. Pinatubo in the atmosphere lowered the average temperature of the Earth about...
One full degree
300
List the order of the arrival of seismic waves (fastest to slowest) and whether each is transverse and/or longitudinal.
P Waves- longitudinal;
S Waves- transverse;
Surface Waves- can be either longitudinal or transverse;
300
What is the difference between a trench and a ridge?
Trench- where two plates come together and form a raised ditch.
Ridge- At a divergent boundary when oceanic-oceanic plates move apart and the magma flows over the rift and hardens
300
List the three types of volcanoes from least to most violent
Shield volcanoes, Cinder Cones, and Composite Cones
300
What is liquefaction?
Liquefaction is when seismic waves hit and can cause loosely saturated sediments to act like a liquid.
300
What type of volcano is Sunset Crater?
A Cinder Cone
400
What is the process you go through to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
Triangulation- Using three seismographs to pinpoint a relative location for the epicenter.
400
What are the three mechanisms of plate motion?
Slab-Pull
Mantle Convection
Ridge Push
400
At what boundaries between which types of plates produce rift valleys and volcanic island arcs?
The subduction zone is the zone from which the plate sub ducts underneath the other to where it melts
400
Why did the eruption from Mt. Pinatubo cause lahars?
There was a typhoon while the volcano was erupting. The water mixed with the volcanic ash to create lahars.
500
What are examples of short and long range predictors?
Short range predictors can be foreshocks, subsidence & uplift, and emissions of radon gas.
Long range predictors are mostly historic records.
500
What are the four pieces of evidence for Continental Drift? Explain briefly.
The Continental Shapes- Some of the continents coastlines appear like they could fit together
Matching Fossils- Scientists found similar fossils on continents that could potentially align
Rock Types and Structure- Certain mountain belts end at one coastline only to reappear on a landmass across the ocean
Ancient Climates- Evidence that landmasses had different climates at one time (ex. Glacial remains in equatorial regions)
500
List the four volcanic landforms. Briefly Explain.
Caldera- When a volcano collapses in on itself and creates a huge depression
Necks & Pipes- Magma that has cooled in the pipe of the volcano and was left as the rest of the volcano weathered away
Lava Plateaus- large amounts of lava that come out and create extremely flat, raised land
Plutons- Magma from a magma chamber that has cooled and hardened
500
Explain the elastic rebound hypothesis.
States how earthquakes happen. (Earthquakes are produced when energy is released and the Earth rebounds back and forth)
500
What are the types of pyroclastic materials from volcanic eruptions from largest to smallest?
Blocks/Bombs, Lapilli/Cinder, Very fine ash or dust particles