Stress and health I
_____________ is a negative emotional state that occurs when events are perceived as exceeding a person's resources or ability to cope
Stress
The field of research that focuses on the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders is called…
Psychopathology
Prolonged exposure to workplace stressors can lead to ___________.
Burnout
Individuals who experience pervasive and distressing levels of anxiety that doesn’t appear to be related to any specific problem may have ________ ________ _________
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
The fact that scientific studies that produce statistically significant results are more likely to be published is known as what?
Publication bias
The relationship between psychological factors and illness, stress, and coping are all topics that are studied in the field of _________ _________
Healthy Psychology
_______ disorders are associated with feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry.
Anxiety
What is the so-called "stress hormone"?
Cortisol
A(n) _____ ______ is a brief, sudden, uncontrollable episode of acute anxiety and fear that rapidly escalates in intensity and usually includes physical symptoms like a pounding heart, rapid breathing, trembling, and feeling as if you are choking or cannot breathe.
Panic attack
The practice of logging a detailed research plan in a locked, time-stamped, public repository in order to improve the transparency of research is known as _________________.
Preregistration
What is one benefit of "healthy" levels of stress?
Building resiliency
States of mania and depression are associated with what type of disorder?
Mood disorders - Bipolar
What is ONE of the possible side effects of chronically elevated levels of cortisol from stress?
- Poorer immune functioning
- Impaired working memory
- Impaired long term memory formation and retrieval
- Chronic inflammation/pain
Individuals with a pervasive and irrational fear of a very specific object, situation, or experience may have a(n) ________ ________
Simple/Specific phobia
The practice of running a series of exploratory analyses, finding something significant, and then writing a paper as if you had predicted this outcome before running the analysis is known as______________.
Hypothesizing after the results are known (HARKing)
Name the two forms of problem-focused coping...
Planful
Confrontive
The acronym “DSM” stands for…
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Individuals with a pessimistic explanatory style have a tendency to use ________ and _______ explanations for negative events.
internal and global
Tim is constantly worried about someone stealing his car, as a result when he leaves his vehicle he pushed the lock button on his keychain three times. If Tim doesn’t press the button three times it causes him severe distress until he can return to his car. Which disorder is this most likely a symptom of?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
The ______________ refers to the fact that studies that don’t have significant results are rarely published which leads other scientists to never truly know how many times a certain study design has “failed”.
file-drawer problem
What is the first event that happens during an acute stress response (fight or flight)?
Hypothalamus activates the Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
A sudden and inexplicable travel away from home accompanied with loss of long-term memories relating to one’s identity are characteristics of…
Dissociative Fugue
Name two of the emotion-focused coping strategies we covered
Escape-avoidance
Seeking social support
Distancing
Denial
Positive reappraisal
Name 2 of the 4 main types of specific phobias
Fear of injury or blood
Fear related to animals or insects
Fears related to specific situations
Fear of the natural environment
A researcher designed a study aiming to test their hypothesis that people with higher levels of trait narcissism will be more aggressive on a laboratory aggression task that takes multiple individual measurements of aggression.
After the study ends, the researcher combines all the aggression data into a single average score and conducts their analysis and finds that their prediction was not supported (p = .067). The researcher then realizes that if they just use the very first measurement of aggression that their hypothesis is indeed supported (p = .035).
They then write up the paper without mentioning the first analysis that they did. What is this an example of?
p-hacking