Landmark Cases & School Integration
The Little Rock Nine: How long after the Brown decision was this?
3 years
advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans
it experienced frequent bombings targeting African American homes and churches during the Civil Rights Movement.
Which organization was founded by Martin Luther King Jr. to coordinate nonviolent protests during the Civil Rights Movement?
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Read the following scenario and determine how
the individual is being disenfranchised.
Robert is a sharecropper who has a hard time
making ends meet financially. The next election is
coming up and he already knows he will not be
able to vote because he didn't bring in enough
money this year.
How is he being disenfranchised?
Poll Tax
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was successful due to:
the unity and determination of the African American community, effective organization, and support from civil rights leaders.
What is Brown Vs. The Board of Education: Her case led to what significant Supreme Court ruling?
That segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
What sparked the Birmingham Campaign?
Efforts to end segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.
Why did Malcolm X’s views evolve later in his life?
After leaving the Nation of Islam, he began to support broader racial unity.
The attempt to remove the vote is called?
disfranchisement
What is The Greensboro Sit-ins: The sit-ins were a protest against _______.
racial segregation at lunch counters
What is Brown Vs. The Board of Education: Linda Brown wanted to go to another school because:
the school she was assigned to was far away and segregated, while a closer school was for white children only.
What was a key outcome of the Selma to Montgomery Marches?
It helped lead to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
How did Rosa Parks’s actions go beyond a single act of defiance?
She was a long-time activist who helped organize civil rights efforts.
Which word means "The Right To Vote"
Suffrage
What are the Greensboro Sit-ins: Identify the correct depiction of their protest below:
A drawing of students sitting at a lunch counter in protest.
The Little Rock Nine: The Arkansas National Guard played which 2 roles and why?
Initially prevented the students from entering the school, then later protected them after federal intervention.
What triggered the Watts Riots?
Tensions over police brutality and inequality.
Why was Thurgood Marshall’s legal strategy important to the movement?
He used the courts to challenge and dismantle segregation laws.
This Amendment guaranteed African Americans the right to vote -
15th
The Freedom Riders’ goal was to:
challenge segregation in interstate bus travel and facilities.
Which event marked a turning point in the enforcement of desegregation in public schools during the Civil Rights Movement?
The integration of the Little Rock Nine at Central High School
Which is the BEST description of Governor Ellis Arnall's justification for lowering the state's voting age to 18?
If 18-year-olds were old enough to be drafted and serve in the armed forces during World War II, they were responsible enough to vote.
How did Ella Baker influence younger activists?
She encouraged student leadership and grassroots organizing.
What was a common method used to prevent African Americans from voting before the Civil Rights Movement?
Literacy tests and poll taxes.
The purpose of the March on Washington was to:
advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans
Which Supreme Court case declared that 'separate but equal' was unconstitutional in public education?
Brown v. Board of Education
What was the significance of the Emmett Till murder?
It sparked national outrage and energized the civil rights movement.
What impact did Stokely Carmichael have on the direction of the movement?
He shifted focus toward Black Power and racial pride.
Civil Rights have expanded for all Americans since 1965 in which of the following ways?
Greater legal protections against discrimination, increased access to voting, education, and employment opportunities.
How did nonviolent protest tactics used during the Birmingham Campaign expose the realities of segregation to a national audience?
Media coverage of violent responses to peaceful protesters shocked the public and increased support for civil rights.
How did the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education overturn the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson, and why did this decision require additional cases like Brown II to enforce integration?
Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson by declaring segregation in schools unconstitutional, but it required Brown II because the Court did not clearly explain how to implement desegregation.
How did the strategies used during the Birmingham Campaign influence national opinion and contribute to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Televised images of violent responses to peaceful protesters during the Birmingham Campaign shocked the nation and increased public support for civil rights, helping push Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Why was John Lewis’s role in the protests significant?
His leadership and willingness to face violence highlighted the struggle for voting rights
What role did Presidents Kennedy and Johnson play in passing the Civil Rights Act of 1965
Kennedy proposed the Act, and Johnson pushed it through Congress and signed it into law.
Why were direct-action tactics like the Greensboro Sit-Ins effective in challenging segregation?
They disrupted daily business and forced change through economic and social pressure.
In what ways did resistance to school integration after Brown v. Board of Education lead to federal intervention in events like the Little Rock Crisis, and what does this reveal about the limits of Supreme Court decisions without executive enforcement?
Resistance after Brown v. Board of Education led to events like the Little Rock Crisis, showing that Supreme Court decisions need federal enforcement to be effective.
What was the outcome of the 24th Amendment?
It eliminated poll taxes in federal elections.
How did Martin Luther King Jr.’s philosophy of nonviolence influence the success of civil rights campaigns?
It gained national sympathy and support by exposing injustice through peaceful protest.
The Voting Rights Act has been changed recently due to which of the following reasons?
Supreme Court decisions and new state laws
How did protest events like the Selma to Montgomery Marches influence federal legislation?
They highlighted voter suppression and led to the passage of voting rights laws.