Biology
True or False
All veins carries deoxygenated blood to the heart
False
Pulmonary veins are the only exception
True or False
The greater the ionization energy, the easier to add an electron into it
True
True or False
In order to complete the calculations Suzie wants to make about her activities, she needs to know her mass. The property that her mass measure is her tendency to maintain a constant state of motion
True
Inertial mass, which is usually just called mass, is a measure of any object's tendency to keep on moving as it is. If it is at rest, it will stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced outside force; if it is moving, it will keep moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted on by an unbalanced outside force. This is usually referred to as Newton's First Law, or the Law of Inertia.
Weight is a measure of the force which gravity exerts on an object. In any one place, mass and weight are proportional, but when you go to a place where the force of gravity is stronger or weaker, your weight will increase or decrease without any corresponding change in mass. Size is more precisely called volume, and the tendency of an object to resist spinning is its moment of inertia, a property which depends on both the mass and the shape of the object.
True or False
At 1 km underground, the temperature is 50°C and the pressure is 250 bars. Under these physical conditions, the nitrogen , sulfur , and phosphorus atoms are gradually converted into petrolatum
False
It's kerogen not petrolatum
True or False
Claude Shannon is the father of Information Theory
True
The mimivirus is of particular biological interest because of its incredible size (for a virus). With a genome twice as large as the next-largest virus and a capsid diameter of 400 nanometers, the mimivirus might hold an important clue for biologists. What is the significance of the virus?
A. It is large enough that scientists can observe viral reproduction and learn how other pathogens, like HIV, spread.
B. It is a bacteriophage that attacks every bacterial cell due to a large variety of extracellular markers.
C. The virus' rapid evolution makes it an easy test subject for many biological experiments.
D. It represents a "missing link" in the evolution of bacteria from less complicated organisms
D. It represents a "missing link" in the evolution of bacteria from less complicated organisms.
The mimivirus is exceptionally large, so evolutionary biologists believe that the virus, discovered only in 1992 by accident, could hold the as-yet uncertain key to the evolution of bacteria. Viruses are considered non-living by many scientists because they do not have cellular characteristics and cannot reproduce without a host; on the other hand, they do have genes and are affected by natural selection. Because viruses are generally much smaller than bacteria, the mimivirus is heralded as an important exception by some scientists and may represent a transitional species in the evolution of prokaryotic organisms.
Stearin, the second most common material from which candles are made, is a specific organic component with the summary formula C57H110O6. This alone should allow you to easily identify the class of substance it represents - which of these is it?
A. Complex carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Aromatic hydrocarbon
D. Triglyceride
D. Triglyceride
Which of the following is a paramagnetic substance?
A. Water
B. Nickel
C. Iron
D. Platinum
D. Platinum
Paramagnetic elements are those substances which, when kept in a strong magnetic field, become weakly magnetised in the same way as the external field. Other examples are oxygen, lithium and manganese
A line of constant longitude on Earth is synonymous with what measurement of Earth?
A. One half the diameter
B. One half the circumference
C. Four - thirds the radius
D. Square root of the surface area minus diameter
B. One-Half the Circumference
A meridian is approximately 12,430 miles on Earth
It is a particular type of optimal prefix code that is commonly used for lossless data compression.
A. Huffman's coding
B. Shannon' coding
C. Fano's coding
D. Adaptive monoid coding
A. Huffman's Coding
Complete the following statements
Children with the rare genetic disease phenylketonuria can not eat foods that are high in ___________.
Protein
Phenylketonuria is extremely rare and is caused by the pairing of two faulty recessive alleles (one from each parent), that control the enzyme responsible for breaking down the amino acid phenylalanine, which is in protein. This why people affected cannot eat foods high in protein such as meat, milk,cheese, eggs, fish.
If it is not noticed at birth, phenylalanine builds up in the blood because the right enzyme is not there to get rid of it and the excess phenylalanine causes permanent brain damage.
Complete the following statement
Take the reaction:- N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO The change in enthalpy for the reaction is positive and all products are gaseous. In order to decrease the yield of nitrogen monoxide, you need to _____________
Decrease the temperature
Since there are two gaseous molecules on both sides of the equilibrium, there is no change in the position of equilibrium when the pressure of the system is altered. If the enthalpy is positive, the reaction is endothermic. The equilibrium reacts to the change by producing more heat, according to the Le Chatalier principle. This is done by increasing the rate of backward reaction.
Nitrogen monoxide is a highly toxic gas produced from the exhaust fumes of a vehicle, which is responsible for both the greenhouse effect and acid rain; which is why automobile manufacturers try to set up conditions which reduce their yield.
Complete the following sentence
As object falls under the influence of gravity, potential energy is greater than kinetic energy __________
Before the halfway point
Definition of Potential and Kinetic Energy
Complete the following statement
____________ is a well known fault that separates the Pacific plate from the North American plate.
San Andreas Fault
The San Andreas Fault is 1,300 kilometers long and 16 kilometers deep into the earth. San Francisco and Los Angeles are on the Pacific plate while the rest of California and the U.S.A. is on the North American plate. The Pacific plate is moving to the northwest at a rate of around 3 to 4 inches per year.
Complete the following statement
___________ is a measure of the unpredictability or information content of a message source.
Entropy
Name the four possible byproducts of fermentation
CO2
H2O
Ethanol
Lactic Acid
Bromine got its name from the Greek word bromos. What does it mean?
Stench
Who is the Renaissance scientist credited with the invention of the pendulum?
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei's first observation of the pendulum motion was made in Pisa cathedral, when he counted the time it took for a swinging chandelier to return to its motionless position against his heartbeat. By experimenting, he found that no matter how wide the arc of the swing was, or the mass of the pendulum, it took the pendulum the same time to become still. From this breakthrough discovery of a universal scientific principle, Christiaan Huygens, one hundred years later, was able to create a reliable time keeping device.
What is the name of the phenomenon, which may be caused by earth tremors that are too weak to be felt, that sounds like a distant cannon especially on or near the water?
Barisal Guns
Give at least 1 difference between Shannon - Fano coding and Huffman's coding
Possible Answers
1. Results produced by Huffman encoding are always optimal. Unlike Huffman coding, Shannon Fano sometimes does not achieve the lowest possible expected code word length.
2. The Huffman coding uses prefix code conditions while Shannon fano coding uses cumulative distribution function.
However Shannon Fano algorithm also produces prefix codes
What are the odds of the daughters executing the symptoms of hypothetical disease X if the mother is a carrier and the father is normal?
0%
Take the hypothetical equilibrium reaction:
A + B ⇌ C
All the constituents in the mixture are gases and are sealed in a 10L container. The amounts of A, B and C at equilibrium are 4, 4 and 5 moles respectively. 1 mole of each constituent is removed. What is the value of Kc?
5/16
Did you fall for the trick? Adding or removing reactants/products has no results on the value of Kc or Kp - it is after all the CONSTANT of equilibrium. The position of equilibrium is shifting precisely to minimise the effect of the change on Kc, as has been noted by the Le Chatelier principle. Don't be distracted by the information about 1 mole of each constituent being removed.
Remember that the amounts are not equal to the concentration. The concentrations of A, B and C in a 10L container would respectively be 0.4, 0.4 and 0.5 molars respectively.
The concentration of the product of the reaction divided by the the concentrations of the reactants multiplied would give you the correct answer.
An electric lamp uses energy at the rate of 48 W on a 12 V supply. How much charge passes through the lamp in 2.0 seconds?
8 coulombs
I = P/V = 48/12 = 4.0 A
Q = It = (4.0)(2.0) = 8.0 C
C = coulomb ( the unit of charge).
Early in the century the earthquake in San Francisco registered 8.3 on the Richter scale. In the same year, another earthquake was recorded in South America that was four time stronger. What was the magnitude of the earthquake in South America?
The intensity of the earthquake in South America was 8.9 on the Richter scale
Let Z1, Z2, Z3, . . . be i.i.d. random variables that take values “0” and “1” with equal probability. Further, let
Xi = the sum, as j goes from 1 to i, of Zj , for 1 ≤ i ≤ n
Find I(X1; X2, X3, . . . , Xn)
since X2 takes value “0” with probability 1/4, value “1” with probability 1/2 and value “2” with probability 1/4, which gives H(X2) = 3/2.