Measuring & Defining Crime
This perspective suggests that everyone shares common beliefs about right and wrong.
Consensus view
These two crime data sources had different conclusions concerning an uptick in 2016 crime.
The UCR and the NCVS
This is the term used to judge how straightforward and simple a theory is
These researchers explained Chicago as a city comprised of concentric zones
Who are Park and Burgess?
This argument by non-interventionists says that expanding the probation and parole system will increase crime.
What is widening the net?
This rule counts only the most serious crime in instances where multiple crimes occur.
The hierarchy rule
These two regions have higher rates of crime than other regions
The South and the West
This theory differentiates between adolescent-limited and life-course persistent offenders
What is Moffitt's Taxonomy?
This theory refuted the idea that immigration in and of itself was criminogenic
What is Social Disorganization
This report heavily influenced the repeal of prohibition.
What is the Wickersham Report?
This data source is maintained by the FBI.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
This is the name for those individuals in the Philadelphia cohort study who made up 6% of the sample population but were responsible for approximately 51% of the crime.
Chronic Offenders
These are the studies often used to assess the role of genes in criminal behavior.
What are adoption and twin studies?
Bursik and Grasmick (1993) differentiated between these three types of community social control
What are (1) Private (2) Parochial (3) Public
This prison is one of the earliest in the US and once housed Al Capone
What is Eastern State Penitentiary?
This type of crime measurement is often based on school samples.
Self-report surveys
This marital status is associated with the highest victimization rates.
Single
These are the three components of deterrence theory (a branch of rational choice).
What are celerity, severity, and certainty?
This theory suggests that the economy in the US is more powerful than other social institutions responsible for limiting crime.
What is Institutional Anomie
In the 1970s, this researcher suggested that "nothing works" in rehabilitation.
Who is Robert Martinson?
This term has three conditions: (1) Observed relationship, (2) Temporal ordering, and (3) Controlling for other explanations
Causal Inference
This pattern is sometimes explained by hypotheses which suggest that boys are not monitored as closely as girls.
The gender gap
These five "facts" about crime should be explained by a theory.
What are the facts of ecological distributions , the gender gap, Crime trends & cycles, The delinquency peak, “Companionship”
This fairly recent extension of social disorganization describes a cultural adaptation whereby community members do not believe the law is just and the police are not trustworthy.
what is Legal Cynicism?
These four components make up the "Wedding-Cake Model of Justice"
What are Celebrated cases, then serious felonies, then light-weight felonies, and finally misdemeanors.