Scientific Method
Characteristics of Life
Chemistry
Water
Biomolecules
100
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Observation
100
What are the 7 themes of all living organisms?
Made up of cells, Metabolism, Hemostasis, Interdependence, Adapt and Evolve, Reproduction, Heredity
100
Identify the charges for each subatomic particle
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons- Positive
Neutrons- Neutral
Electrons- Negative
100
What is the difference between a hydrophobic molecule and a hydrophilic molecule.
Hydrophobic molecules are usually covalent molecules, and do not bond with water
Hydrophilic molecules are usually polar or ionic, and are attracted to water molecules.
100
What is the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide and a polysaccharide?
Monosaccharide- One sugar molecule
Disaccharide- Two sugar molecules
Polysaccharide- Three or more/ many sugar molecules
200
Define hypothesis
An educated prediction/ guess
200
When dogs get too hot, they begin to pant and sweat from their paw pads. This action helps cool them down, and it is an example of which one of the 7 themes of life?
Homeostasis
200
What are 4 types of chemical bonds?
Covalent, Polar-Covalent, Hydrogen, and Ionic
200
What are the 4 properties of water?
High Specific Heat
Lower density as a solid
Cohesion
Adhesion
200
What element(s) are in proteins that are NOT in carbohydrates?
Nitrogen
300
Rearrange the steps to the correct order of the scientific method:
Conclusion, Observation, Analysis, Hypothesis, Question, Experiment
Question, Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion
300
Jelly fish have no brains, no heart, no stomach, and no lungs or gills yet many people still consider them as “living”. Additionally, they are not made from jelly, nor are the
y fish. Explain why Biologists consider them a living organism.
Brains, heats, stomachs, lungs and gills are not requirements for all living organisms. The 7 characteristics outlined by biologist are the guidelines that fit all living things. Jelly fish are able to meet all 7 characteristics.
300
Contrast the difference between covalent and polar-covalent bonds.
Covalent bonds share electrons equally
Polar-covalent bonds share electrons, but do not share equally.
300
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion is when water molecules stick to other water molecules. Adhesion is when water sticks to other non-water molecules.
300
List 3 functions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, structure to plants, and exoskeletons
400
Sight, Smell, Touch, Taste, Hearing are all senses that help with making what in the scientific method?
Observations
400
Some bears live in the forest and have brown or black fur. The fur is thick and is much like dog fur. Other bears, like polar bears have white fur, and their hair is hallow which helps them stay warm and they live in a tundra biome. Both bears are similar genetically. Fur color and type helps bears stay camouflage to their environments. Which theme(s) of biology explains why some bears are brown, and others are white. Be able to defend your answer.
Adaptation and Evolution.
400
Hydrogen bonds are often found in what common molecule?
Water
400
True or False: Water is an element.
To receive full points for this question, you must explain your answer.
False: Water is a compound because it contains 2 or more elements.
400
How might a protein become denatured?
Proteins may become denatured by being in extreme pH or temperatures.
500
Acid rain and snow can run off into lakes and other bodies of bater and cause negative effects on aquatic life such as impacting egg development and mutations. Create a hypothesis using an If/Then statement.
Answers will vary, but it must be in the format of
If acid rain.....then
500
A person can argue that fire and donkeys are lacking one characteristic of life, however Biologists consider only one of these as a living organism. Fire does not contain cells and donkeys cannot reproduce. Identify which one is considered living, and explain why the other one is nonliving.
The donkey is considered a living organism. It is unable to reproduce, so it cannot continue as a species, but the organism in and of itself is living. Fire, is non-living because it does not contain cells. While it may appear to meet the other 6 characteristics, it is not a true form of any of them, nor does it contain DNA for heredity.
500
Explain why covalent bonds are typically hydrophobic molecules.
Covalent bonds form hydrophobic molecules because they are stable non-polar molecules, and do not bond with polar molecules. Water is considered a polar molecule and will not attract non-polar molecules.
500
Explain how a tree uses the properties of cohesion and adhesion to get water from its roots, all the way to the top leaves.
Extra 50 bonus points for drawing molecules with hydrogen bonds while explaining your answer.
Water molecules are attracted to the roots by adhesion, and move/ crawl upward in the “veins” of the tree. As water evaporates from the top of the tree, water molecules pull other water molecules up through cohesion.
500
Proteins rely on what special physical feature in order to work?
Their Shape!