History
What area of study did Psychology stem from?
Philosophy
What does the psychoanalytic perspective focus on?
Past experiences
What is a quality of good research?
It is replicable.
What is a case study?
An in-depth study of a particular individual or family.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A hypothesis is a testable prediction that is informed by a theory while a theory is a broader concept that can be tested using a hypothesis.
What is dualism?
The idea that the mind and body are separate from one another.
What does the cognitive perspective focus on?
How people acquire, store, process, and use information.
The tendency to believe that after learning an outcome that we would have foreseen it is called...
Hindsight bias
What is an advantage of a naturalistic observation? A disadvantage?
+Witness behavior in a natural setting.
-No control over setting and events that take place
What is a population and what is a sample?
A population is the group that the researcher is trying to draw conclusions about. A sample is a group taken from the population that represents the pop. during the study.
Who performed the first psychological experiment?
Wilhelm Wundt
What does the social-cultural perspective focus on?
How behavior is affected by social and cultural influences.
The tendency to search for information that confirms a preconception is called...
Confirmation bias
What is an advantage of surveys? What is a disadvantage?
+ Simple and inexpensive
- Low response and inaccurate (people lie)
Positive or negative correlation? The older you get the bigger your shoe size.
Positive The older (increase in age) you get the bigger (increase) your shoe size.
The mind is a blank slate at birth is the definition of what term?
Tabula Rasa
How does the behavioral perspective differ from the humanistic perspective?
The behavioral perspective focuses on consequences, rewards, and puishments and their relation to learned behavior. The humanistic perspective focuses on psychological growth and each person reaching their full potential.
What is participant bias?
The tendency for research participants to behave in a certain way because they know they were being observed OR they believe they know what the researcher wants.
What is an advantage to experiments?
You can prove causation!
Positive. The more (increase) time you study for your psych test the better (higher) grade you will get.
What is the definition of psychology today?
The study of behaviors and mental processes.
How does the biological perspective differ from the evolutionary perspective?
The biological perspective focuses on how the nervous system, hormones, and genetics affect behavior. The evolutionary perspective focuses on how behaviors have evolved to adapt to problems.
Describe the Hawthorne Effect
The tendency for research participants to behave differently than normal as they know they are being observed.
What is a disadvantage to correlational research?
Correlation IS NOT causation!
Identify the population and the sample. In a study of 736 French citizens, 92% said that they like cheese.
Population: French citizens
Sample: 736 French citizens