Chemistry of Life
Water
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nuclei Acids
100
This type of chemical reaction adds water, in the presence of an enzyme, to break bonds to turn polymers back into monomers.
hydrolysis
100
This type of bond is found inside of water molecules and causes partial charges on the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. BE SPECIFIC!
polar covalent bond
100
The monomer for carbohydrates. Means one sugar or simple sugars.
monosaccharide
100
3 functions of lipids
long term energy storage
insulation - temperature regulation
protection
100
The monomer for proteins.
amino acids
100
The monomer for a nucleic acid. Give the 3 parts.
nucleotide
- phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
200
This type of chemical reaction extracts water, in the presence of an enzyme, to build bonds & make polymers.
dehydration synthesis
200
This type of bond is responsible for the special chemical properties that emerge from water when water molecules are bonded together.
hydrogen bond
200
2 functions of carbs
short term energy
structure & protection
200
monomer of lipids
glycerol & fatty acids
200
3 functions of proteins
storage
transport
structure
enzymes
movement
200
The function of nucleic acids.
holds the instructions for genetic info
instructions for how our bodies should work & act
300
Identify the functional group(s) present in the molecule shown. Give the name of the group(s).
amino & carboxyl
300
These properties of water are responsible for the vertical movement of water against gravity in a plant (transpiration)
cohesion & adhesion
300
Which can we digest? Starch or cellulose? Why?
starch
we have the enzymes to do so
300
Identify 2 characteristics of saturated fats.
solid at room temperature
harmful to body
no double bonds in tails
comes from animals
300
type of bonds - primary structure of proteins
covalent bonds
300
adenine and guanine? purines or pyrimidines
single or double bonds?
purines
double
400
Identify the functional group(s) present in the molecule shown. Give the name of the group(s).
phosphate
400
This property of water allows an organisms body to dissolve important molecules and nutrients in order to move them around the body.
water is a great solvent
400
This type of carb humans cannot digest. Why?
cellulose
we don't have enzymes to do so
400
Identify 2 characteristics of unsaturated fats.
liquid at room temperature
good for the body
double bonds in tails
comes from plants or fish
400
type of bonds - secondary structure of proteins
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
400
cytosine, uracil, and thymine? purines or pyrimidines
single or double rings?
pyrimidines
single rings
500
Identify the functional group(s) present in the molecule shown. Give the name of the group(s).
carbonyl & hydroxyl
500
This property of water allows for evaporative cooling. Helps to produce sweat.
heat of vaporization
500
Identify the chemical difference between starch and cellulose.
starch = alpha glucose
cellulose = beta glucose
500
Main function of phospholipids. Where are they found?
cell membrane
plasma membrane
lipid bilayer
500
type of bonds - tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins
covalent bonds
disulfide bridges
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
500
Type of molecule?
carbs
600
Identify the molecule with glycosidic linkages. A or B?
A.
B.
B. carbohydrates
600
This property of water allows for insulation and temperature regulation of bodies of water during the winter time.
density of water
expansion of water
600
Which two polysaccharides (polymers of carbs) are used for energy storage in plants and animals?
starch (plants)
glycogen (animals)
600
Type of molecule?
nucleotide
600
What determines the difference between one amino acid and another?
the r groups
600
Type of molecule?
lipid