America before contact
Region encompassing a land bridge from Asia, across which some of the first humans to inhabit the Americas migrated around 15,000-14,000 bc
What is Bering
The first europeans to travel to the americas
What are the Vikings?
Center of the Mississippian civilization, in present-day Illinois, with large earthwork mounds and a population of ten to twenty thousand.
Who were the Cahokia?
1675–1676 uprising by colonists in Virginia, caused by white-indigenous relations and class conflict.
what was bacons rebellion?
Forced transatlantic journey of African captives bound for slavery in the Americas.
Middle Passage
Geographical region, encompassing Central Mexico and Central America, where a variety of ancient complex civilizations flourished before European contact.
what is Mesoamerica?
Series of religiously motivated military expeditions by European Christians in the medieval era to seize control of Jerusalem and other lands held by non-Christians. from 1095-1291
What are the Crusades?
The two native empires the Spanish conquered
Who are the Aztec and the Inca
Radical religious dissenters in seventeenth-century England who favored separating themselves from the corrupting influence of the Anglican Church and from English society.
who were the pilgrims?
Method of labor management used on tobacco plantations—for example, enslaved laborers work together in teams under the scrutiny of a foreman or an overseer
gang system
Cooling period, beginning in the early fourteenth century that likely contributed to the abandonment of Mississippian cities.
What is the Little Ice Age?
Crusades by Catholic powers on the Iberian Peninsula to oust Muslim rule and colonize Atlantic islands between the eighth and fifteenth centuries.
what is the Reconquista?
Spanish settlement in Florida, established in 1565 by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the oldest continuously inhabited city in the present-day United States.
What is St. Augustine?
English settlement in Virginia whose colonists successfully cultivated tobacco, secured an alliance with Powhatan, and warred with Opechancanough. established 1607
what is Jamestown
a grant of land, usually 50 acres, given to settlers in the 13 colonies.
headright
Term used by archaeologists and historians to describe a shared culture and a network of political influence, centered in Cahokia near present-day St. Louis, linking a broad range of Native American groups in the Midwest and Southeast.
what is Mississippian Civilization?
Political unit claiming sovereignty over a distinct territory with a shared ethnic or historical identity, as distinguished from an individual city-state or an empire governing diverse lands.
What are Nation-states?
A powerful political bloc of indigenous nations that formed in the region south of Lake Ontario before the arrival of Europeans in North America.
what is the Iroquois League?
Special villages in New England where Native Americans who embraced Christianity were gathered in the mid-seventeenth century.
praying towns
Term applied to people of foreign ancestry born in colonial territory, such as the children of Europeans or Africans in North American colonies.
creole
Largest city of Ancestral Puebloans, located in present-day New Mexico, which housed a population of several thousand.
What is Chaco-Canyon?
Rejection of the Roman Church and papal authority by Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.
what is the English revolution?
Spanish priests belonging to a particular order, empowered by the Ordinances of Discovery to pursue the religious conversion and submission of the Pueblos.
who are Franciscans
you are either going to heaven or hell and it has been decided since the beginning of time.
pre-destination
Method of labor management in which enslaved laborers are assigned quotas of work to complete in a certain time.
task system