Introductory
Effective note-taking depends on _______.
a) improving your writing speed
b) time management
c) establishing a baseline
d) active listening
d) active listening
The fatty insulation surrounding the axon of most neurons is called _____________.
a) a myelin sheath
b) dendrites
c) axons
d) glial cells
a) a myelin sheath
Replication increases scientific confidence in a theory if the _____.
a) citations are accurate across studies
b) findings are similar across studies
c) statistics are accurate across studies
d) statistics are significant across studies
b) findings are similar across studies
If a student lies on a questionnaire regarding the number of sexual partners she has had during the course of her lifetime, then ___________ can best describe the student's behavior.
a) social desirability bias
b) experimenter bias
c) a placebo effect
d) distrusting bias
a) social desirability bias
Motor control, speech production, thinking, personality, emotion, and memory are all governed by your _____.
a) parietal lobe
b) occipital lobe
c) temporal lobe
d) frontal lobe
d) frontal lobe
The fact that humans can voluntarily choose to engage in behavior is known as ________.
a) self-actualization
b) free will
c) conditioning
d) introspection
b) free will
The basic building blocks of the brain and the rest of your nervous system are the _____.
a) neurons
b) neurotransmitters
c) synapses
d) myelin
a) neurons
What stage of the scientific method will someone be at if they make a prediction that drinking alcohol will make people more violent during a sporting event?
a) developing a theory
b) forming a testable hypothesis
c) designing a study
d) reviewing the literature of existing theories
b) forming a testable hypothesis
The best definition of a double-blind study is research in which _____.
a) both the control group and the experimental group are unaware of what is being studied in the research experiment
b) neither the participants in the treatment group nor the control group knows which treatment is being given to which group
c) both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups
d) two control groups (or placebo conditions) must be used in the research study
c) both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups
The motor cortex in the _____ is responsible for your ability to place your foot on the brake pedal and stop at a red light.
a) pons
b) frontal lobe
c) parietal lobe
d) the brainstem
b) frontal lobe
What are the goals of psychology?
a) to explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
b) to understand, compare, and analyze human behavior
c) to improve psychological well-being in all individuals from conception to death
d) to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
d) to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
The BEST definition of an independent variable is a variable that _____.
a) is a measurable behavior exhibited by a participant and affected by the dependent variable
b) is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its causal effect on the dependent variable
c) is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables
d) cannot be manipulated by anyone
b) is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its causal effect on the dependent variable
Data from many studies have been compiled, and researchers have developed a(n)
__________ to explain their results.
a) hypothesis
b) experimental study
c) abstract
d) theory
d) theory
While conducting research, you unintentionally provide subtle cues to the study's participants about the purpose of the research, which influences your results in the direction you expected. This is a demonstration of _____.
a) ethnocentric research
b) misapplication of an independent variable
c) experimenter bias
d) subject bias
c) experimenter bias
In addition to coordinating movement and maintaining balance, the cerebellum may also play a role in _____.
a) breathing and blood pressure
b) hunger and satiety
c) hearing and vision
d) perception and cognition
d) perception and cognition
Structuralism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ________________.
a) established a model for studying mental processes scientifically
b) showed how separate thoughts combined to form an idea
c) explained why individuals experience stimuli differently
d) highlighted why different scientific methods are needed to study children versus adults
a) established a model for studying mental processes scientifically
The message that travels along an axon of a neuron is called a(n) ____________.
a) neurotransmission
b) action potential
c) mylinazation
d) chemical impulse
b) action potential
If a psychologist is interested in studying the risk factors that lead to delinquency in adolescence, on what goal of psychology is the researcher focused?
a) describing behavior
b) explaining behavior
c) predicting behavior
d) changing behavior
c) predicting behavior
In a study to test the effects of alcohol on driving, you were in a group of participants that drove poorly. This means that ____.
a) you were in the experimental group
b) you were in the control group
c) there is insufficient information to determine your group
d) you won’t know in which group you were a participant until the study is concluded
c) there is insufficient information to determine your group
This structure, which is part of the hindbrain, is involved in respiration, movement, waking, sleep, and dreaming.
a) medulla
b) pons
c) cerebellum
d) reticular formation
b) pons
In what year was the first psychological laboratory founded?
a) 1659
b) 1879
c) 1950
d) 1760
b) 1879
Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in dreaming, waking, and alertness?
a) morphine
b) endorphins
c) norepinephrine
d) GABA
c) norepinephrine
What type of research would study ways to enhance athletic performance?
a) independent
b) basic
c) dependent
d) applied
d) applied
_____ are stimuli other than independent variables that may affect the outcome of the study and lead to erroneous conclusions.
a) Random variables
b) Placebos
c) Confounding variables
d) External variables
c) Confounding variables
Which of the following provides a 3-D image of the brain?
a) positron emission tomography (PET)
b) intrabrain electrical recordings
c) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
d) transcranial magnetic stimulation
c) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)