Unit one
Organization, energy use, growth/reproduction, respond, internal consistency/homeostasis, and evolution are seven characteristics of this
life
This is the definition of evolution: a change in allele frequencies over time.
What is Evolution?
This type of immunity is nonspecific and involves cells like Macrophages that eat pathogens.
What is Innate Immunity?
For non-photosynthetic organisms like humans, this is the source of the glucose used as fuel for cellular respiration.
What is the food we eat?
A scientist analyzes a sample of plant leaf tissue and measures very high
levels of NADP and low levels of NADPH. Under what conditions would you
predict that this sample was collected?
a) high levels of light
b) darkness
c) high moisture levels
d) low soil nutrient levels
b) darkness
In a eukaryotic cell, the process of translation (RNA to protein) occurs at this specific organelle.
Ribosomes
This process involves Na+ (sodium ions) rushing into the neuron, changing the membrane potential from -70mV to positive values.
What is Depolarization?
This is the resulting products of the Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
What are Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH?
This is the approximate weight of algae (direct food) needed to grow 100kg of fish in a pond. (remember the 10% rule)
A hunter accidently pierces his skin with a curare-tipped arrow. Which of the following might a doctor suggest as an antidote? (Curare is neuromuscular blocking agent, causing muscle relaxation and paralysis)
a) black widow spider venom, which blocks the release of acetylcholine
b) tobacco leaves containing nicotine that mimics acetylcholine
c) digoxin, a plant product that inhibits the Na+/K+ pump
d) pufferfish toxin which blocks the Na+ channels closed
e) poison frog toxin which keeps the Na+ channels always opened
B) tobacco leaves containing nicotine that mimic acetylcholine
(To counteract the curare, the doctor needs a substance that can outcompete or overwhelm the curare, blocking the receptors, or a substance that enhances the signal. )
The purpose of this type of cell division is to halve the chromosome number to produce four genetically distinct haploid gametes.
Meiosis
This evolutionary mechanism involves random change and is described in the slides as Random change
Genetic drift?
This molecule, released in response to injury or pathogens, causes inflammation.
What is Histamine?
In the water cycle, animals return water to the environment primarily through these two processes. (don't overthink this)
What are urination and evaporation?
What would be the size of a population at the end of a
time period if N1 = 50, b = 0.6, d = 0.1 and K = 100?
62 individuals
In a monohybrid cross (e.g., Yy x Yy), the expected phenotypic ratio is this, assuming Y is dominant.
3:1
If a toxin causes all acetylcholine to be released at once, the expected result is initial muscle spasms followed by this condition when the neurotransmitter supply is depleted
Paralysis
This immune response develops when the body creates its own antibodies after exposure to an antigen.
What is Active Immunity? (Will take Adaptive immunity)
This first stage of cellular respiration is the only one that occurs outside the mitochondria, taking place in the cytoplasm.
What is Glycolysis?
You are studying a different population of Nerf Herders who are living
on a lush planet (not Hoth). There are also 100 Nerf on this planet
(N1=100). r=.05; G=5; K=150
What would the N2 population size be on this lush planet?
A) N2=98.34
B) N2=101.67
C) N2=105
D) N2=150
b) 101.67
This inheritance factor, which is clinically important for pregnancy, is denoted by a "+" (dominant) or "–" (recessive).
The rapid divergence into multiple species, often following the colonization of new habitats, such as finches developing different beak shapes for different niches, is known as this.
What is Adaptive Radiation?
This cycle in photosynthesis uses ATP, NADPH, and CO2 to create sugar.
Calvin cycle
This gas must be absent for fermentation to proceed and create products like ethanol or lactic acid.
What is oxygen?
Why are organ transplants sometime
rejected?
a) B-cells respond to antibodies present
on the organ.
b) Macrophages respond to antibiotics on
the organ.
c) B-cells respond to antigens present on
the organ.
c) B-cells respond to antigens present on the organ.