Study Guide One
According to the video Biomolecules, lipids have two different types of building blocks. One type of building block is called a ___________ and the other type is called a _____________. Fill in the blanks.
Fatty acid and Glycerol
Describe any information we discussed in class regarding the process of dissociation.
Large proteins unlink the subunits in unfavorable conditions, but rejoin without denaturation
Eukaryotes have an endomembrane system contained a variety of organelles. The ____________ are found on the nucleus and are the protein gatekeeps permitting certain molecules to pass. Fill in the blank.
Nuclear Pores
Describe any information discussed in class pertaining to microtubules.
Largest, hollow tubes about 25 nm in diameter, each composed of a ring of 13 protein protofilaments
Moving materials within the cell itself
In a constant state of flux (breaking and forming)
According to the video Biomolecules, what is one big function of most carbohydrates like breads of pasta?
A fast source of energy
Plant polysaccharides formed from glucose are starches. The simplest structure of starch is ____________ (composed of many hundreds of glucose molecules linked in long, unbranched chains) and the more complex structure is _______________ (branched polysaccharides of 20-30 subunits of glucose). Fill in the blanks.
Amylose and Amylopectin
______________ consist of glycerol molecules (3-carbon molecules) which are attached to three fatty acids chains. Fill in the blank.
Triglycerides or Triacylglycerol
According to the video Archaea and the Tree of Life, in the 1960s scientists decided to create only two branches of life (i.e. Domains). What were their names?
Eukarya and Bacteria
_____________ are barrel-shaped organelles made of microtubules which occur in pairs located near the nuclear membrane and are only found in animal and some protist cells. Fill in the blank.
Centrioles
Each nucleotide within your DNA or RNA is made of three different components. Describe each of these components.
A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic nitrogenous base
Polypeptides are formed by _____________, which are covalent bonds that link two amino acids together, and a _____________ reaction which loses a water molecule to form this type of covalent bond. Fill in the blanks.
Peptide Bonds and Condensation Reaction or Dehydration Reaction
According to the video The Wacky History of Cell Theory, Theodor Schwann was a scientists who studied slides of animal cells in the 1800s. After studying animal cells for a while, what was his conclusion?
All animal tissues are composed of cells
According to the video Archaea and the Tree of Life, where are Archaea now, currently, located within the “tree of life?”
We are the direct descendants of Archaea (they are closer to us than bacteria)
_______________ are a type of anchoring junction that connect intermediate filaments of cytoskeletons of adjacent cells. Fill in the blank.
Desmosomes
Describe any information discussed in class on the bacterial cell wall.
Made of peptidoglycan and long chains of polysaccharides cover the cell wall
According to the video Protein Structure and Folding, what is really going to start to happen during the secondary structure stage for proteins?
Folding
Describe a similarity discussed in class between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Both have a cytoplasm, both contain ribosomes, both contain DNA, and both have a plasma membrane
What is special about ribosomes when compared to all other parts of a cell?
They are found in all three Domains of life
_________________ are lipids with carbohydrate heads, can mostly be used as cell-surface markers, and are on the surface of red blood cells making them responsible for the A, B, and O blood types. Fill in the blank.
Glycolipids
According to the video Biomolecules, what is the name of a monomer for a protein?
Amino acid
According to the video Biomolecules, lipids are better known as ____________. Fill in the blank.
Fats
According to the video The Wacky History of Cell Theory, ________________ is who we can thank for the term “the cell.” Fill in the blank.
Robert Hooke
What can be found within the cytoplasm of bacterial prokaryotes?
Ribosomes, DNA (nucleoid), and sometimes a plasmid
_________________ have a 3-D shape that fit the shape of a specific signal molecule. Fill in the blank.
Receptor Proteins
According to the video Archaea and the Tree of Life, describe something we currently know about Archaea.
They are extremophiles and none of them cause disease