History
What event was the Eiffel Tower created for?
The Paris World Fair
Who made Luncheon on the Grass and why was it rejected by critics?
Edouard Manet created Luncheon on the Grass. It was rejected because it contained nudity, which was frowned upon in his age of art.
What is pointillism and who used it?
Pointillism applies each color dot to juxtapose with another nearby color This method was used by George Seurat to intensify color.
How did cast iron change what architects could do?
Cast iron provided strength without bulk to make structures wider and taller.
Who is Faust?
Faust is a romantic hero character created by Goethe who embodies human desire to transcend physical limits and master all realms. He sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for all knowledge.
When and where was Napoleon's final defeat?
Battle of Waterloo, 1815
Mary Cassatt's main contributions
Painted indoor scenes using light, bright color, perspective, and domestic ideals. She was exhibited in 5/8 Impressionist Exhibitions.
An impressionist, Monet avoided lines, didn't blend, used juxtaposition, and focused on color. His landmark is Impression: Sunrise.
How did steel change what architects could do?
Steel was lighter, stronger, and more resilient than cast iron, eliminating the need for solid masonry walls and allowing structures to be raised over 10 stories high.
The main themes and significance of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Frankenstein examines the human impact of scientific experimentation, and is widely considered the first science fiction novel.
List Industrial Age advancements
What were Gustave Courbet's main contributions?
He was a realist painter who painted ordinary individuals. His landmark was Burial at Ornans, which featured a large canvas, 52 life sized figures, and no sentimentality.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir style and contributions
Renoir was a stereotypical impressionist. He painted Le Moulin de Galette.
Gustave Eiffel's architectural contributions
Made the Eiffel tower, a 1063 ft high cast-iron skeleton.
Who made The Thinker and what is it about?
Auguste Rodin made it, and it is about Dante contemplating his imagined underworld from his central perch on the lintel above the gates of hell.
What were impressionists trying to achieve?
Impressionism had the goal of creating a celebration of leisurely activity and urban life. It embraced the individual approach of many artists in Europe and America, and was known as an art of pure perception, light, and color.
Explain J.M.W Turner's painting style.
He used natural disasters, smoke, mist, and fog to show natures "turbulent moods", as well as sublime style. The sea represented nature's power.
Van Gogh's styles, techniques, and major works
A post-impressionist, Van Gogh painted landscapes, still life, and portraits. He used flat, bright colors, throbbing sinuous lines, and short choppy brush strokes. He applied his paint with a palette knife, or directly from the tube. His landmark was Starry Night.
Louis Sullivan's architectural contributions
Designed multistory buildings in Buffalo, such as the Guaranty Building. He believed that form should follow function.
Who made The Gates of Hell and what is it about?
Auguste Rodin made it, and it is based on the theme on Dante's Inferno and loosely modeled on Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise.
Who was Goya?
Goya was a social critic who started off as a court painter to Charles IV. He believed in romantic social protest, and used art to express disdain for the government and world's actions.
Explain Beethoven's Symphony No. 5
"Fate" created the Romantic style of music. It opens with a 4-note motif which unites the symphony. It works with volume dynamics, including sudden pauses, and uniquely ends in a scherzo (usually a minuet).
Seurat's styles, techniques, and major works
A post-impressionist, Seurat used formal balance, order to compositions, and pointillism. His landmark is Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.
Joseph Paxton's architectural contributions
Who made Liberty Leading the People?
Eugene Delacroix