Chemistry
What is the pH of pure water at 25°C?
7
What is the unit of force in the metric system?
Newton (N)
What organelle produces ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the monomer unit of proteins?
Amino acids
What brain area is primarily responsible for processing emotions?
Amygdala
What is the atomic number of hydrogen?
1
What physical quantity is distance divided by time?
Speed
What is the basic structural unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
What biomolecule stores genetic information?
DNA (nucleic acids)
What is learning through observing others called?
Observational learning (or modelling)
What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in ethene (C2H4)?
sp2
State Newton’s third law of motion.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?
Maintains resting membrane potential by pumping 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in
What type of bond forms between amino acids in a protein?
Peptide bond
In which Piaget stage is object permanence developed?
Sensorimotor stage
What is the primary purpose of a buffer solution?
To maintain stable pH despite addition of acid or base
What is the formula for electric power in terms of voltage and current?
P=VI
What phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
S phase
What class of macromolecules are enzymes?
Proteins
Define the term 'social facilitation.'
Improved performance on tasks in the presence of others
Explain Le Chatelier’s principle as it applies to shifting equilibrium in the Haber process (N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3). What will happen when you increase the pressure? What if you increase the temperature?
Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium toward NH3 production, while increasing temperature shifts it toward the reactants.
What is the formula for the critical angle in total internal reflection?
θc=sin-1(n2/n1)
What is the difference between paracrine and endocrine signalling?
Paracrine signaling acts locally; endocrine signals travel through bloodstream
What inhibits phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) in glycolysis?
Inhibited by ATP and citrate
Explain the difference between primary and secondary socialization.
Primary is early childhood learning from family; secondary is learning norms in wider society later in life