1st Red Scare
What were the two main causes of the First Red Scare?
The Russian Revolution and "New" Immigration
Who was Ida B. Wells?
- investigative journalist who exposed lynching and racial discrimination, women's rights.
- co-founded NAACP
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
Italian immigrants/anarchists charged for murder.
Trial was wildly unfair, based on their background, not facts; put to death
Represented immigrant/new ideas sentiment in U.S.
What socio-economic group comprised the majority of KKK members in the 1920s?
Middle class Americans
What is the Great Migration
Large populations of African Americans move from the South to the Northeast and West for better opportunities and to escape discrimination.
How was immigration and the Russian Revolution linked to the First Red Scare?
- Immigrants bring new (bad) ideas and culture
- Russian Revolution brought chaos/destruction to the Russia, what if that happened here?
Give an overview of racial tensions in the United States during the 1920s. What events cause this?
Incredibly tense, more separated and hostile.
WWI, Great Migration, Jim Crow, lynchings.
Compare the "New" Immigration of the 1920s to other waves in U.S. History. Were there differences?
New immigrants sought opportunity and freedom.
Settlers vs. Workers vs. Movers, same motivation
Compare the KKK of the 1920s to hate groups of today?
Same poo, different uniform.
Describe the impact of the assembly line on the American economy and consumer culture
- Boosted economy
- Culture of buying stuff (materialism)
What is the relationship between the Gilded Age and the First Red Scare?
Elites in American society justified Gilded Age practices by associating unions, labor laws, and the right to protest with communism and anarchism.
Compare and contrast the methods and goals of the NAACP and Garveyism.
NAACP
- multi-ethnic; civil rights via lobbying, courts, education, part of American society
Garveyism
- Black nationalists/separatists (Black-only members), civil rights via moving back to Africa
Evaluate the motivation behind the Immigration Quota Acts. Were they beneficial?
Restricted unrestricted immigration.
Good for low level workers and immigrants already settled in America. Bad for the civil/racial hostility of the era.
How did the KKK rebrand itself to meet the prejudices of the 1920s?
Americanism
- Native, White, Protestant
How would the changing social and economic status of women impact society as a whole, and the social movements we talked about today in class?
- Jobs (clerical and office)
- More individual autonomy
- Flappers, birth control, women's colleges, feminism
As the low level manager of a successful business in the 1920s, how would you justify the discrimination of immigrants in baring them the hiring process?
- They are anarchists/communists, will incite riots
- They are taking the jobs of "real" Americans
- They do not possess the same values as way we do
Evaluate the effectiveness of the NAACP and Garveyism. How?
NAACP: effective because included all ethnicities in organization, pursued equality through government/legal mens. More moderate.
Garveyism: not effective because excluded members based on race, took more aggressive approach, goal was to become separate from the United States.
Evaluate the fear of immigration in the 1920s. What were the fears? Was it justified?
America becoming un-American (new values/allegiances)
?
What historical information could you use to support your arguments against the beliefs of the KKK?
- All Americans from somewhere else
- Racial supremacy in America does not make logical sense
- Progression of equality in American history
What information/evidence could you use to support the claim that the United States suffers or does not suffer from the same civil and racial issues?
?
If you were a member of an immigrant advocacy group during the 1920s, how would you combat the negative association of immigrants to communism/anarchism/un-American?
- Events that brought communities together
- English/Culture classes
- Articles in newspapers
Given what we know about the methods of the NAACP, Garveyism, the Tulsa Race Massacre, and the racial tensions in the US during this era, how would you go about designing your own civil rights organization? Why?
?
Given the animosity of the day, if you were an immigrant arriving in the United States during the 1920s, what steps would you take in order to become more "American?" What would be your motivation for this?
- language classes
- American cultural experiences
- Change your name
- Adopt "American" ideas
What predictions can you make about the resurgence of the KKK that will effect the U.S. in the following decades (30s-60s)?
- Increased prejudice/racism in society/government, etc.
Summarize the challenges to civil liberties and racial tensions during the 1920s. Include examples in your answer.
Social changes led to social reactions in the form of social movements and legislation
- Great Migration> Discrimination
- Russian Rev & Immigration> First Red Scare
Jim Crow/Lynching> NAACP, Garveyism
Immigration> Immigration Quota Laws
Change in Demographic> Resurgence of KKK