Validity
The extent to which a test score corresponds to an accurate measure of interest.
What is criterion validity?
Assigning a number to an attribute according to a rule; to quantify something. Fosters accurate perception of the amount and existence of both abstract and concrete variables.
What is measure?
Examples of this type of variable are gender, ethnicity, sports team, and hair color.
What are qualitative variables?
Intelligence tests, ability tests, personality inventories, and values inventories make up this type of test.
What are standardized tests?
This effect happens when raters show a tendency to generalize from one aspect of the client to all other aspects (ie. friendly test taker is given higher score).
What is the halo effect?
This is the extent to which items on a test appear to be meaningful and relevant.
What is face validity?
Any observable overt movement of a person generally taken to include verbal behavior as well as physical movements.
What is behavior?
Examples of this type of variable are test scores, age, rank.
What are quantitative variables?
This type of test places heavy emphasis on speed and response, often consisting of a large number of easy items that a person must complete quickly.
What is a speed test?
An examiner who tends to rate characteristics of people more favorably than they should be rated is committing this type of error.
What is leniency error?
The forecasting function of tests.
What is predictive validity?
The application of scientific knowledge and professional judgment to test data to describe and/or make inferences about individual or group characteristics or behavior.
What is interpretation?
The construct affected by the independent variable, also known as the outcome, or response variable.
What is a dependent variable?
These tests contain items of varying difficulty, most of which the person is expected to complete within the time limits. Although speed can be a factor, speed would not have much influence on the total score.
What are power tests?
This is likely a contributing factor to long-standing racial and gender gaps in academic performance.
What is stereotype threat?
The simultaneous relationship between the test and the criterion.
What is concurrent validity?
A method of estimating how much measure error is caused by time sampling or administering the test at two different points in time.
What is test-retest reliability?
This is the type of variable that is preexisting, that is manipulated, and that is assumed to influence some outcome.
What is an independent variable?
Tests that fall under this umbrella type are rating scales, projective techniques, behavioral observations, and biographical measures.
What are non-standardized tests?
Sometimes called Rosenthal effect, data can sometimes be effected by what the administrator expects to find.
What is expectancy effect?
A form of construct validity in which evidence is obtained to demonstrate that a test measures something unique and different from what other available tests measure.
What is discriminant validity?
A method of reliability assessment used to evaluate the error associated with the use of a particular set of items. Equivalent forms of a test are developed by generating two forms using the same rules. The correlation between the two forms is the estimate of this.
What is parallel forms reliability?
A 'noise' variable that impacts a dependent variable yet is unrelated to the assessment process - also known as a confounding variable.
What is an extraneous variable?
This specific type of test entails subjectively estimating various behaviors or characteristics based on the person's observations.
What are rating scales?
This error is the habit of rating all people as 'average' or near the middle of the rating scale.
What is the error of central tendency?