Defects
What is narrowing of the pulmonary artery?
A. thoracotomy
B. coarctation
C. VSD
D. stenosis
D. stenosis
What can be a visible symptom? Choose one
A. Cryptorchidism
B. Peri orbital edema
C. Clubbing of fingers and toes
D. Pediculosis
C. Clubbing of fingers and toes
How do you diagnose tetralogy of Fallot? Choose all that apply
A. Chest X-ray
B. Electrocardiogram
C. Three-dimensional echocardiography
D. Cardiac Catherization
All answers are correct
At what age is open heart surgery performed for total correction of all defects?
4 months- 2 years
What enlarges because it must work harder to pump blood through the narrow pulmonary artery.
A. Left Ventricle
B. Right Ventricle
C. Vena Cava
D. Right Atrium
B. Right Ventricle
What are symptoms of tet spells?
respiratory distress, weakness, syncope
What is a characteristic feature of congestive heart failure anomalies?
Cyanosis
What temporary procedure can be performed to increase pulmonary blood flow to relieve hypoxia?
Blalock-Taussing (temporary shunt)
What is the location of the aorta and what is the definition of its condition?
Dextroposition, aorta is displaced to the right and blood from both ventricles enters it.
What can relieve tet spells? Select all that apply
A. Handstand for 10 seconds
B. Placing child with knees to chest
C. Placing child supine for 1 minute
D. Squatting position
E. Placing child with arms above head
B. Placing child with knees to chest
D. Squatting position
What diagnosis can occur from stenosis of the pulmonary artery?
A. CHF
B. VSD
C. PDA
D. ASD
A. CHF
What decreases the right ventricle outflow obstruction?
A. Beta Blockers
B. Exercise
C. Low sodium diet
D. Increase of zinc intake
A. Beta Blockers
What is VSD and it's definition?
Ventricular Septal Defect, opening between the right and left ventricles of the heart, increased pressure within left ventricle forces blood back into right. Loud harsh murmur combined with with systolic thrill is a common characteristic.
What labs can show signs?
Polycythemia (increased RBCs)
What is the medical terminology for tet spells?
Paroxysmal hypercyanotic episodes
What is a treatment that increases systemic vascular resistance?
A. Phentermine
B. Metoprolol
C. Phenylephrine
D. Levothyroxine
C. Phenylephrine