The New Mexico Campaign/The Red River Campaign
Shortly after the war began, Texas forces led by Colonel ___________ marched into New Mexico Territory and claimed the area.
John R. Baylor
General ____________ and about 4,000 troops planned to invade Texas through Sabine Pass, march overland to Houston, and then capture Galveston.
William B. Franklin
Two months after the Battle of Sabine Pass, Union forces commanded by General ______________ captured Brazos Island off the mouth of the Rio Grande.
Nathaniel Banks
All white males between the ages of __________ had to serve. The age limits were later broadened to 17 and 50.
18 and 35
About ______________ lost their lives in the Civil War, making it the deadliest conflict in U.S. history.
620,000 Americans
The Union troops had left Brownsville to take part in the _______________. Union leaders wanted to invade northeastern Texas from Louisiana along the Red River. They planned to attack in the spring, when the river was usually deep enough for boats.
Red River Campaign
Galveston was vital to the Confederacy. If left in Union control, northern forces could easily sweep into Texas. General ___________, the commander of Confederate forces in Texas, made plans to recapture it.
John B. Magruder
Texas troops led by Colonel ___________, the highest-ranking Mexican American to serve in the Confederate army, turned back the attack. After Union forces were called away from Brownsville, Colonel John S. Ford quickly recaptured the town for the Confederacy.
Santos Benavides
_____________, who had been elected governor in 1861, worked to improve the state’s military capabilities.
Francis R. Lubbock
General _______________ of Texas was unable to stop Sherman. Sherman completed his March to the Sea when he reached Savannah in December.
John Bell Hood
Union troops met part of Sibley’s force in the Battle __________________ in New Mexico, on March 28, 1862. Stranded without supplies, Sibley and his small army had to retreat to Texas. Union forces occupied El Paso and kept control of the Southwest for the rest of the war.
Battle of Glorieta Pass
Word of Lee’s surrender reached Confederate troops in the Brownsville area by May 1865. Hundreds of soldiers left their posts for home. But many stayed when General _____________, the commander of the western Confederate states, urged the soldiers to continue the war.
E. Kirby Smith
Union troops captured Brownsville in early ______________. Banks then split his forces. One group of troops moved north up the coast, capturing Matagorda Island and occupying Indianola.
November 1863
rule by armed forces
martial law
The quarter million slaves in Texas did not learn of their freedom until after the war’s end, on June 19, 1865 (__________). More than two years before, President Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation, stated that slaves were free in those areas rebelling against the United States. As the Union army advanced into a Confederate state, slaves were freed.
Juneteenth
troops commanded by Colonel __________ boarded the Neptune and the Bayou City to attack Union ships in the harbor. At the same time, soldiers were preparing to attack the Union forces from the mainland.
Tom Green
troops commanded by Colonel Tom Green boarded the ____________ to attack Union ships in the harbor.
The Neptune and the Bayou City
Texans like _____________ led wagon trains loaded with cotton across the border to Matamoros. From there, Texans shipped the cotton overseas and purchased supplies for the Confederacy.
Sarah “Sally” Scull
On ___________ Confederate troops led by Colonel James G. Bourland arrested more than 150 suspected Unionists and formed a court to try the accused people.
October 1, 1862
More than two years before, President Lincoln had issued the ______________, stated that slaves were free in those areas rebelling against the United States. As the Union army advanced into a Confederate state, slaves were freed.
Emancipation Proclamation
On April 18, Confederate forces defeated it at ___________________. Confederate troops had again turned back Union attacks in Texas.
Poison Springs, Arkansas
The Confederacy had lost two major battles that summer, and the _____________ helped restore southern confidence. Lieutenant Dowling and the Davis Guards received special medals for their actions.
Battle of Sabine Pass
Union troops captured Brownsville in early November 1863. Banks then split his forces. One group of troops moved north up the coast, capturing Matagorda Island and occupying _________.
Indianola
___________ was elected governor of Texas in 1863.
Pendleton Murrah
In April 1865, Union forces surrounded Lee’s army near the town of _________________________. With few options left, Lee met with Grant on April 9 and agreed to the Union’s terms of surrender.
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
Union troops met part of Sibley’s force in the Battle of Glorieta Pass in New Mexico, on _________. Stranded without supplies, Sibley and his small army had to retreat to Texas. Union forces occupied El Paso and kept control of the Southwest for the rest of the war.
March 28, 1862
Led by Colonel John S. Ford, the Confederate troops defeated the Union forces and captured more than ___ prisoners.
100
The Union navy had blockaded Texas ports by the summer of 1862. When a Union fleet sailed into Galveston Harbor in October, the small Confederate force there retreated. Galveston was vital to the ________________.
Confederate Army
Confederate leaders also worried about Unionists in North Texas. On October 1, 1862 Confederate troops led by Colonel _______________ arrested more than 150 suspected Unionists and formed a court to try the accused people.
James G. Bourland
Some ____________ served, and thousands were killed or wounded. Many soldiers suffered serious injuries such as the loss of an arm or leg.
90,000 Texans
On April 8, 1864, Confederate units commanded by ___________________ intercepted Banks at Sabine Crossroads near Mansfield, Louisiana. The Confederate forces totaled fewer than 9,000 men, but in a stunning blow they forced Banks to turn back.
Richard Taylor
The _____________ began in the early morning hours of January 1, 1863. The remaining Union ships fled. Meanwhile, Confederate land forces overran the Union troops in Galveston, capturing several hundred soldiers. The Confederacy once again controlled the key Texas port.
Battle of Galveston
Led by Colonel ___________, the Confederate troops defeated the Union forces and captured more than 100 prisoners.
John S. Ford
All white males between the ages of 18 and 35 had to serve. The age limits were later broadened to ___________.
17 and 50
In April 1865, Union forces surrounded Lee’s army near the town of Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. With few options left, Lee met with Grant on _______________ and agreed to the Union’s terms of surrender.
April 9th, 1865
In the fall of 1861, General __________ took three Texas regiments to seize the Southwest—from New Mexico to California—for the Confederacy.
Henry H. Sibley
Union and Confederate forces clashed at Palmito Ranch near Brownsville. this made the ______________. Led by Colonel John S. Ford, the Confederate troops defeated the Union forces and captured more than 100 prisoners.
Battle at Palmito Ranch
Colonel _____________ of Texas, leading the other column of Union troops, captured Rio Grande City. But his attack on Laredo failed.
Edmund J. Davis
By the time the violence had ended, 40 suspected Unionists were hanged in Gainesville in Cooke County. This became known as the_____________________.
Great Hanging at Gainesville
In 1864 President Lincoln ordered General ____________________ to take command in the eastern theater.
Ulysses S. Grant
Meanwhile, unusually low water levels on the Red River slowed the Union gunboats. They narrowly escaped destruction while retreating. The Union army moving south from _________ had no better luck.
Arkansas
Confederate lieutenant Richard Dowling and about 45 soldiers in an all-Irish unit known as the _________ were to protect the pass. They manned a small post called Fort Griffin, surrounded only by trenches and earthen mounds.
Davis Guards
Union troops captured Brownsville in early November 1863. Banks then split his forces. One group of troops moved north up the coast, capturing _____________ and occupying Indianola
Matagorda Island
requirement of military service
draft
Union general ____________ led an army south from Tennessee toward Atlanta, an important railroad center.
William Tecumseh Sherman