Native Americans of the Frontier
This tribe was the most dominant on the Texas plains and fiercely defended their hunting grounds.
the Comanches
This 1874 battle saw Quanah Parker lead a massive force of warriors against buffalo hunters.
Second Battle of Adobe Walls
The Elite armed police force formed in 1823, heavily involved in frontier defense.
Texas Rangers
This invention by Joseph Glidden in 1874 helped end the open range and the era of the nomadic frontier
barbed wire
These nomadic people of the Plains depended almost entirely on this animal for their food, clothing, and shelter.
Buffalo
This powerful chief, whose mother was a captive settler, led the Comanche in the Red River War.
Quanah Parker
This final major battle of the Red River War occurred in Palo Duro Canyon.
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
The primary purpose of the frontier forts, such as Fort Griffin, was to protect this group.
the settlers
The 1867 treaty intended to move Native Americans onto reservations in Indian Territory.
Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek
To protect settlers, Texas established a line of these defensive structures across the state from the Red River to the Rio Grande.
Frontier Forts
This Native American leader led a coalition against white settlers, famously leading to the Battle of Adobe Walls.
Quanah Parker
The 1864 attack by Texas militia on a group of Native Americans during the Civil War.
Battle of Dove Creek
This famous U.S. Colonel ordered the destruction of 1,000 Comanche horses in Palo Duro Canyon.
Ranald S. Mackenzie
The approximate year the Frontier Wars in Texas effectively ended, allowing for westward expansion.
1875
This group of horsemen served as the primary law enforcement and scouts during the frontier period.
Texas Rangers
This nomadic tribe was known for their fierce defense of the Texas Panhandle during the 1870s
the Kiowas
This 1871 event changed Federal policy, causing the army to attack Native Americans in West Texas, following the massacre of a wagon train team.
Warren Wagon Train Raid
This U.S. Army General was responsible for leading the Red River War campaign of 1874-1875.
Ranald S. Mackenzie
This major factor, besides military action, destroyed the Comanche economy and way of life.
destruction of the buffalo herds
This 1825 law required settlers in Texas to show good character and become Catholic in exchange for land grants.
State Colonization Law of 1825
These tribes were forced into these specific, bounded areas by the U.S. government after the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek.
Reservations
The site where Federal troops burned several Comanche villages during the Red River War.
Palo Duro Canyon
This method of killing Native Americans' primary food source was used by the U.S. Army to force them onto reservations.
mass killing of buffalo
This was the name of the final, decisive U.S. Army campaign to end Native American resistance in the Texas Panhandle.
Red River War
This Spanish term refers to a neighborhood or quarter in a town, often found in frontier settlements.
Barrio