Row 1
Which group of Native Americans bombarded the Pueblos for years and started to regard the Spanish as adversaries, eventually ruling the Texas plains?
The Apaches
Who was dispatched by the viceroy in 1539 to locate the lost gold cities? He was an accomplished and seasoned explorer.
Marcos de Niza
King Philip II of Spain sought to maintain control over the burgeoning towns, therefore he decided to conquer Pueblo Indian territory. Who was tasked with accomplishing this?
Juan de Oñate
What did the wild offspring of the horses that the Spanish introduced to the Americas become known as?
Mustangs
What other title is there for "Royal Governor"?
Viceroy
Who had homes made of adobe brick instead of gold, which Fray Marcos said glistened in the sunlight like gold?
Zuni Pueblo Villages
Coronado de Soto had been exploring what is now the southeastern United States for more than two years before dying of fever in May 1542. Another member of the group, Luis de Moscoso Alvarado, assumed charge. As a result, the latter part of the journey is known as what?
Moscoso expedition
What are widespread illness outbreaks known as?
Epidemics
An American Indian from further east told the Spaniards stories about a nearby area with supposedly gold-rich cities, when they were at Tiguex. What was he refered to by the Spanish?
The Turk
Travelers often traveled between New Mexico and Mexico, passing through El Paso del Norte. Eventually, in 1689, a group of friars decided to build a town along the path, which became part of Texas over a century later. Where is this settlement located?
Trans-Pecos
The Spanish assembled the biggest force they had ever deployed into North America in order to conquer Cíbola. Sheep, horses, and cattle herds were led by about 1,000 Mexican Indians, 300 troops, and a number of religious leaders. Who was in charge of this force?
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
The conflict between the Spanish and the Apaches was just one of many, and the Spanish and other Europeans considered American territory as theirs to claim. Who had lived on this land for generations and considered it their home?
American Indians
When Coronado discovered grain and grass tents instead of wealth, he became enraged and questioned the Turk about why he had deceived them. Who, according to the Turk, forced him to recount the tale in order to get the explorers to leave their village?
Tigua
Who granted Juan de Oñate permission to settle and control the Pueblo Indian colony?
King Philip II
Life in this colony was difficult. The settlers had few luxuries and discovered no gold. The Spanish lost interest in Texas and its neighboring territories due to a lack of treasure. For the next 80 years, very few explorers visited the area. Nonetheless, the colony continued to thrive. What's the name of the colony?
New Mexico
Under the Turk's guidance, Coronado went out and searched a specific area known as what in the spring of 1541?
Quivira
The Apaches controlled the Texas Plains, which the Spanish referred to as what?
Apachería
The Caprock Escarpment, a region of cliffs and canyons that separates the Texas High Plains from the lower interior plains, was reached by the expedition as they moved east. There, the exp[lorers saw yet another strange sight: a deep gorge carved out of the ground, perhaps called what?
Palo Duro Canyon
One group's members are credited as being the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. Who was in charge of this group of people?
García López de Cárdenas
What phrase describes the spread of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents? This is what caused illnesses to spread from Europe to the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
What year did Spaniards in New Mexico first observe Apache Indians riding horses?
1659
Moscoso reported seeing a thick black sludge spill from the ground. Moscoso had encountered petroleum, sometimes known as oil, without recognizing it. This would eventually become known as the what of Texas? Many Texans benefit greatly from this source of income.
Black Gold
A group of Spanish explorers sought the city of Cíbola from the east, while Coronado marched to them from the south. In 1539, about 600 soldiers landed on the coast of Florida under the command of who?
Hernando de Soto
In early 1598, Juan de Oñate led around 500 colonists north across the Chihuahuan Desert, reaching the Rio Grande. The grateful settlers prepared a feast to commemorate their survival. The location where they celebrated was a tiny crossing between two mountain ranges. As a result, it was given the name what?
El Paso del Norte
Because he was familiar with the area, who assisted Fray Marcos in his guidance? In the end, he had infuriated the villagers, who assaulted and killed him along with many others.
Estevanico