Section 3
what is another word for a royal governor?
Viceroy
Although disappointed not to find Cíbola, Coronado nonetheless sent groups out to explore the land and search for treasure. The members of one group, led by who, became the first known Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.
García López de Cárdenas
While Coronado marched to the cities of Cíbola from the south, another group led by which Spanish explorer who sought them from the east.
Hernando de Soto
The thankful settlers held a feast to celebrate their survival. The area where they celebrated was located in a narrow pass between two mountain ranges. It therefore became known as what?
El Paso del Norte
The wild offspring of the horses the Spanish brought to the Americas became known as mesteños, or?
Mustangs
Cabeza de Vaca’s report excited the viceroy, or royal governor, of New Spain. In 1539 the viceroy sent a Catholic friar named _____
Marcos de Niza
While at Tiguex, the Spaniards met an American Indian from farther east whom they called what?
The Turk
After De Soto died of fever in 1542, another member of the group, took command. As a result, the later portion of the journey has become known as the what?
Moscoso expedition
What was the name of the colony that Oñate founded?
New Mexico
When did the Spaniards in New Mexico first record seeing Apache Indians riding horses?
1659
As the friar continued on, he met some of the advance group fleeing his way. They reported that they had reached one of the seven cities and seen people wearing gold jewelry and drinking from golden cups. However, _______ had angered the villagers. They had attacked, killing him and many of the others.
Estevanico
A nearby region where the cities were said to be full of gold.
Quivira
Although he did not know it, Moscoso had seen petroleum, or oil. This would one day become known as the what of Texas and a source of great wealth for many Texans
Black Gold
Travelers moved regularly between New Mexico and Mexico, passing through El Paso del Norte. Eventually, in 1689, a group of friars decided to establish a settlement along the route. This was the first settlement in the what, that became part of Texas more than 100 years later?
Trans-Pecos
what group of Native Americans in Texas and New Mexico had initially been friendly to the Spanish?
The Apaches
who is the 30-year-old conquistador, that commanded the some 300 soldiers, several religious officials, and more than 1,000 Mexican Indians led herds of cattle, horses, and sheep force. Riding a stallion, they made an impressive sight in gold-plated armor and a steel helmet with bright feathers. With Fray Marcos serving as guide, the force set off in April 1540.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Moving east, the expedition crossed onto the Caprock Escarpment. This area of cliffs and canyons divides the Texas High Plains from the lower interior plains. There the explorers came upon another unusual sight—a deep gorge cut into the land. This gorge was likely what?
Palo Duro Canyon
Between 1550 and the 1590s, settlement in New Spain had been slowly spreading northward. ______ of Spain wanted to control this expanding settlement. He decided to colonize the land of the Pueblo Indians. By doing so, he also hoped to increase Spain’s wealth and spread Christianity to the Pueblo.
King Philip II
what is another word for a widespread outbreak of disease?
Epidemics
After the Spanish began settling among the Pueblos, their relationship with the Apaches changed. The Apaches, who had raided the Pueblos for years, began to view the Spanish as enemies. Bands of Apaches raided the New Mexico settlements, taking horses and supplies. They proved unstoppable on horseback, despite the Spaniards’ superior weapons. The Apaches soon ruled the Texas Plains, which the Spanish called
Apachería
As they searched the cities, they did not find any gold or silver. The cities of Cíbola were not the legendary lost cities of gold but rather _______. The people had houses made of adobe brick, not gold. It had only looked like gold to Fray Marcos as it sparkled in the sunlight. Coronado was furious and sent the friar back to Mexico City in disgrace.
Zuni Pueblo Villages
Near what is now Wichita, Kansas, they reached Quivira and once again met with disappointment. Instead of treasure, they found only grass huts and corn. Coronado became angry and asked the Turk why he had deceived them. The Turk explained that whom had made him tell the story so that the explorers would leave their village. Coronado had the Turk killed for his actions.
Tigua
King Philip granted whom the right to settle and govern the colony of New Mexico?
Juan de Oñate
The spread of diseases from Europe to the Americas refers to the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents is also known as what?
Columbian Exchange
The conflict between the Spanish and the Apaches was one of many between Europeans __________.
American Indians