Section 3
royal governor
Viceroy
became the first
known European to see the Grand Canyon
García López de Cárdenas
While Coronado marched to the cities of Cíbola from the south, another group led by Spanish explorer
Hernando de Soto
The area where they celebrated was located in a narrow pass
between two mountain ranges. It therefore became known as
El Paso del Norte
The wild offspring of the horses the Spanish brought to the Americas became known as mesteños, or
Mustangs
In 1539 the viceroy sent
a Catholic friar named
Marcos de Niza
the Spaniards met an American Indian from farther east whom they called
The Turk
another member
of the group, took command. As a result, the later portion of the journey has become known as the
Moscoso expedition
Oñate was from a wealthy Spanish family that had profited from silver mining in
Mexico. The colony he was sent to establish was to be named
New Mexico
Spaniards in New Mexico first recorded seeing Apache Indians riding horses in
1659
Because knew the land
Estevanico
Yet Coronado thought finding was worth the risk and planned an expedition for the coming spring.
Quivira
He also mentioned seeing a
thick, black goo seeping from the ground. Although he did not know it, Moscoso had seen petroleum,
or oil. This would one day become the
Black Gold
Eventually, in 1689, a group of friars decided to establish a settlement along the route. This
was the first settlement in the which became part of Texas more than 100 years later.
Trans-Pecos
While traveling
through the Texas Panhandle, the explorers Coronado and Oñate both had met groups of
The Apaches
a 30-year-old conquistador, commanded this
force riding a stallion
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
There the explorers
came upon another unusual sight—a deep gorge cut into the land. This gorge was likely
Palo Duro Canyon
granted Juan de Oñate the right to settle and
govern the colony. Oñate was from a wealthy Spanish family that had profited from silver mining in
Mexico.
King Philip II
widespread outbreaks of disease, killed
thousands of American Indians. In time, many Indians in Texas died from European diseases and conflicts with Europeans.
Epidemics
The Apaches soon ruled the Texas Plains, which
the Spanish called meaning “Apache land.”
Apachería
The cities of Cíbola were not the legendary lost cities of gold but rather
Zuni Pueblo Villages
an
area near the Rio Grande in what is now New Mexico. This area was home to the
Tigua
the right to settle and
govern the colony.
Juan de Oñate
The spread of diseases from Europe to the Americas was part of the this term
refers to the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents.
Columbian Exchange
Texas served as a buffer between Spanish settlements to the south and and
other, later European colonies.
American Indians