Section 3
What is another name for a royal governor? Cabeza de Vaca also met up with one of these before returning to Spain.
Viceroy
Who was the leader of one of the groups ,sent by Coronado in search for gold, who became the first known Europeans to see the Grand Canyon?
García López de Cárdenas
This man was the original leader of the Moscoso expedition.He and some 600 soldiers had landed on the Florida coast in 1539. For more than two years they had explored what is now the southeastern United States. Then, in May 1542, he died of fever. What was the name of this man?
Hernando de Soto
When Onate and the Spaniards reached the Rio Grande after three months in the desert, it seemed like an oasis with its shady willow trees and cool water. What was the place called where they celebrated?
El Paso del Norte
The wild offspring of the horses the Spanish brought to the Americas became known as mesteños, or __________. In the 1600s American Indians in Texas began obtaining these horses through trade and raids.
Mustangs
A Catholic Friar sent by the viceroy to find the lost cities of gold. He was a skilled and experienced explorer. He would later think to see seven cities of lost gold and would then serve as a guide to the Spaniards on the search for these cities.
Marcos de Niza
An American Indian who told the Spanish tales of a region filled with gold. The Spanish would find out that he lied about this region just to get them of the Tiguex's land.He was killed after this by the Spanish.
The Turk
While Coronado marched to the cities of Cíbola from the south, another group sought them from the east.It was originally led by Hernando de Soto who then died of fever. Luis de Moscoso Alvarado, another member of the group, took command. As a result, what was the later portion of the expedition called?
Moscoso expedition
Life in this colony was hard, the settlers had few comforts and found no gold.The lack of treasure in Texas and the surrounding areas caused the Spanish to lose interest in the region. Few explorers entered the area for the next 80 years. The colony continued to thrive though despite it.
New Mexico
When did the Spaniards in New Mexico first recorded seeing Apache Indians riding horses?
1659
A guide on Fray Marcos expedition who later angered the villagers of a village seen with gold cups and jewelry. They attacked him and later killed him.
Estevanico
A nearby region where the cities were said to be full of gold but instead of treasure, the Spanish found only grass huts and corn
Quivira
When Mososco returns to Mexico City he reports seeing a black goo that was actually petroleum. This would one day become the _________ of Texas and a source of great wealth for many Texans.
Black Gold
Travelers moved regularly between New Mexico and Mexico, passing through El Paso del Norte. Eventually, in 1689, a group of friars decided to establish a settlement along the route. This was the first settlement in the _________________, which became part of Texas more than 100 years later.
Trans-Pecos
An Indian tribe who was first kind to the Spanish before the Spanish began settling among the Pueblos. After this, this tribe began viewing the Spanish as an enemy because they had been raiding the Pueblos for years. They started then raiding the New Mexico settlements.
The Apaches
A 30-year-old conquistador, who commanded a force of some 300 soldiers, several religious officials, and more than 1,000 Mexican Indians led herds of cattle in the search for the seven lost cities of gold. He would travel all throughout Texas in the search for gold and would later return to Mexico City in 1542 after finding no gold.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Coronado's expedition for Quivira continued across the Caprock Escarpment.This area of cliffs and canyons divides the Texas High Plains from the lower interior plains. There the explorers came upon another unusual sight—a deep gorge cut into the land. What was most likely this gorge?
Palo Duro Canyon
Between 1550 and the 1590s, settlement in New Spain had been slowly spreading northward. The ruler of Spain wanted to control this expanding settlement. He decided to colonize the land of the Pueblo Indians. By doing so, he also hoped to increase Spain’s wealth and spread Christianity to the Pueblo. Who was this ruler?
King Philip II
Widespread outbreaks of diseases
Epidemics
The Apaches soon ruled the Texas Plains, which the Spanish called _________, meaning “Apache land.”
Apachería
The city that Fray Marcos saw and beilved was full of gold but the cities of Cíbola were not the legendary lost cities of gold but rather _______________
Zuni Pueblo Villages
On one of Coronado's search for gold he came across Tiguex, an area near the Rio Grande in what is now New Mexico. The Indians in this town proved to be friendly with the Spanish although the Spanish would abuse this and in the winter started forcing them to give them the Indian's supplies. What was the name of these Indians?
Tigua
Who was granted the right to settle and govern the land of the Pueblo Indians? This man was from a wealthy Spanish family that had profited from silver mining in Mexico.
Juan de Oñate
What is the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents?This transfer is named this because it began with Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the Americas in 1492
Columbian Exchange
Whose lives did the Spanish Exploration greatly change by spreading diseases that were unknown to these people, which cause many to be killed?
American Indians