Row 1
Spain had acquired the Aztec Empire's vast wealth and land, bringing much of its gold and silver, as well as artifacts, to Spain. What did Cortés build on top of Tenochtitlán's ruins?
Mexico City
Because he was familiar with the area, who assisted Fray Marcos in his guidance? In the end, he had infuriated the villagers, who assaulted and killed him along with many others.
Estevanico
What year did Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca publish his travel account, which became the first European description of North America's country and people?
1542
In early 1598, Juan de Oñate led around 500 colonists north across the Chihuahuan Desert, reaching the Rio Grande. The grateful settlers prepared a feast to commemorate their survival. The location where they celebrated was a tiny crossing between two mountain ranges. As a result, it was given the name what?
El Paso del Norte
The Aztec Empire's ruler was known by what name?
Moctezuma II
Under the Turk's guidance, Coronado went out and searched a specific area known as what in the spring of 1541?
Quivira
When did the Narváez expedition reach Florida and land near Tampa Bay?
April 1528
Coronado de Soto had been exploring what is now the southeastern United States for more than two years before dying of fever in May 1542. Another member of the group, Luis de Moscoso Alvarado, assumed charge. As a result, the latter part of the journey is known as what?
Moscoso expedition
What were the names of the three ships that Christopher Columbus and his crew sailed in?
Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa María.
Which group of Native Americans bombarded the Pueblos for years and started to regard the Spanish as adversaries, eventually ruling the Texas plains?
The Apaches
Where did the capital of New Spain eventually extend?
California to Florida to Mexico
What year did Spaniards in New Mexico first observe Apache Indians riding horses?
1659
Who was the first European to visit the Texas coast with his crew, as well as the first to map the northern Gulf of Mexico?
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda
One group's members are credited as being the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. Who was in charge of this group of people?
García López de Cárdenas
In what year did the Age of Contact in Texas begin?
1528
King Philip II of Spain sought to maintain control over the burgeoning towns, therefore he decided to conquer Pueblo Indian territory. Who was tasked with accomplishing this?
Juan de Oñate
What skills did Estevanico attribute to the survival of explorers among American Indian groups?
Communicating
Who granted Juan de Oñate permission to settle and control the Pueblo Indian colony?
King Philip II
What was the name of the conquistador who sailed from Spanish Cuba to Mexico's eastern coast in 1519?
Hernán Cortés
An American Indian from further east told the Spaniards stories about a nearby area with supposedly gold-rich cities, when they were at Tiguex. What was he refered to by the Spanish?
The Turk
Who conducted an expedition to the Gulf of Mexico with the hope of discovering riches?The voyage featured five ships carrying approximately 600 men and horses.
Pánfilo de Narváez
The Spanish assembled the biggest force they had ever deployed into North America in order to conquer Cíbola. Sheep, horses, and cattle herds were led by about 1,000 Mexican Indians, 300 troops, and a number of religious leaders. Who was in charge of this force?
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
On which date did Christopher Columbus and his company set sail for the New World?
August 3, 1492
Life in this colony was difficult. The settlers had few luxuries and discovered no gold. The Spanish lost interest in Texas and its neighboring territories due to a lack of treasure. For the next 80 years, very few explorers visited the area. Nonetheless, the colony continued to thrive. What's the name of the colony?
New Mexico
Two Spanish boats were shipwrecked on a Texas island, possibly Galveston or San Luis. How many explorers made it there?
80
Who had homes made of adobe brick instead of gold, which Fray Marcos said glistened in the sunlight like gold?
Zuni Pueblo Villages
After becoming stranded, Spaniards utilized whatever materials they could find to construct several small, frail boats. A massive storm struck about a month after they set sail, and three of the boats, including Narváez's, washed ashore on the Texas coast, most likely in or near where?
Matagorda Bay
Moscoso reported seeing a thick black sludge spill from the ground. Moscoso had encountered petroleum, sometimes known as oil, without recognizing it. This would eventually become known as the what of Texas? Many Texans benefit greatly from this source of income.
Black Gold
Who financed Christopher Columbus' expedition and provided him with ships?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
What did the wild offspring of the horses that the Spanish introduced to the Americas become known as?
Mustangs
Cabeza de Vaca extracted an arrowhead from a man's chest and patched the wound. The operation astounded the American Indians who watched. As a result, the Spaniards were acclaimed as what?
Healers
A group of Spanish explorers sought the city of Cíbola from the east, while Coronado marched to them from the south. In 1539, about 600 soldiers landed on the coast of Florida under the command of who?
Hernando de Soto
Which group of Indians did Hernán Cortés persuade to assist him and build cannon-armed boats in order to eventually wipe out the Aztec capital?
Mexican
The Aztec Empire's capital is known as what?
Tenochtitlán
During his captivity, Cabeza de Vaca met three other Narváez expedition survivors who had become Coahuiltec slaves. Alonzo del Castillo and Andrés Dorantes had previously been Narváez's captains. What was the name of the third individual, a North African slave?
Estevanico
When Spaniards spotted American Indians wearing gold jewelry, they inquired about where they could get more of the metal. The American Indians described a northern location as rich in gold. What was the location known as?
Apalachee
What was the name of the Indian who helped Cortés overcome the obstacles and earn supporters among the subjugated peoples?
Malintzin
What are widespread illness outbreaks known as?
Epidemics
Which title was given to Spanish soldier-adventurers seeking glory, gold, and land?
Conquistadores
What other title is there for "Royal Governor"?
Viceroy
After two years of preparing an escape, the four men, including Cabeza de Vaca, fled along the coast in search of Mexico. Throughout their travels, they encountered a variety of people. What were the names of those they met?
Atakapas, Karankawas, and Coahuiltecans
Travelers often traveled between New Mexico and Mexico, passing through El Paso del Norte. Eventually, in 1689, a group of friars decided to build a town along the path, which became part of Texas over a century later. Where is this settlement located?
Trans-Pecos
On October 12th, Christopher Columbus' fleet eventually landed on an island in what is now the Bahamas. Columbus named the island San Salvador; what other names does it go by?
Holy Savior
The Caprock Escarpment, a region of cliffs and canyons that separates the Texas High Plains from the lower interior plains, was reached by the expedition as they moved east. There, the exp[lorers saw yet another strange sight: a deep gorge carved out of the ground, perhaps called what?
Palo Duro Canyon
Conquistadores fought in armor and steel helmets, using muskets and superbly manufactured swords, with a few riding powerful horses. The conquistadores were a terrifying sight to the indigenous people, who had never seen horses or steel weapons. What native Indian culture was alarmed?
Caribbean
Who was dispatched by the viceroy in 1539 to locate the lost gold cities? He was an accomplished and seasoned explorer.
Marcos de Niza
What was the name of the Italian sailor who thought he might reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean? The concept was audacious because no one knew how large the Atlantic was or what lay beyond it.
Christopher Columbus
The Apaches controlled the Texas Plains, which the Spanish referred to as what?
Apachería
In which month and year did the Spaniards and their allies attack Tenochtitlán?
May 1521
What phrase describes the spread of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents? This is what caused illnesses to spread from Europe to the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
The Narváez explorers were once again stranded with many men losing their clothing at sea and having nothing to wear. With winter approaching, the situation was bleak; just when they were giving up hope, what group of individuals emerged to help?
Karankawas
When Coronado discovered grain and grass tents instead of wealth, he became enraged and questioned the Turk about why he had deceived them. Who, according to the Turk, forced him to recount the tale in order to get the explorers to leave their village?
Tigua
Cabeza de Vaca and his companions encountered a group of Spanish troops who revealed their identities and guided them to Mexico City. There, they met with the viceroy and briefed him on their mission, which completed when Cabeza de Vaca returned to Spain. What year did this occur?
1536
The conflict between the Spanish and the Apaches was just one of many, and the Spanish and other Europeans considered American territory as theirs to claim. Who had lived on this land for generations and considered it their home?
American Indians
“It became clear that we could leave this terrible land only by dying.”
Who stated this?
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca