Evidence & Early Texans
This word means the time before written records.
What is prehistory?
These coastal people used dugout canoes and lived between present-day Galveston and Corpus Christi Bay.
Who are the Karankawa?
This eastern Texas group built permanent villages and became expert farmers.
Who are the Caddo?
The Jumano built village houses using these sun-dried clay bricks.
What is adobe?
Introduced by the Spanish, these animals made travel and buffalo hunting easier
What are horses?
These scientists study past peoples by examining tools, pottery, bones, and other physical remains.
Who are archaeologists?
This term describes people who move from place to place.
What are nomads?
This important crop is also called maize.
What is corn?
This animal provided Plains peoples with meat, clothing, shelter coverings, and materials for tools.
What is the buffalo?
This Plains group became allies of the Comanche.
Who are the Kiowa?
According to the textbook, this land bridge connected Asia to present-day Alaska.
What is Beringia?
These celebrations brought Coahuiltecan groups together for feasting and dancing.
What are mitotes?
The Caddo used this farming method, growing different crops on the same land over time to keep the soil productive.
What is crop rotation?
These portable shelters could be taken down when Plains communities moved.
What are tepees?
Rich soil and abundant rainfall helped the Caddo establish this type of settlement.
What are permanent farming villages?
These two activities provided food for hunter-gatherers.
What are hunting animals and gathering wild plants?
The Karankawa generally lived along the coast during these two seasons.
What are fall and winter?
Caddo society was described by this term because family relationships were traced through mothers.
What is matrilineal?
This name described the territory controlled by the Comanche.
What is Comancheria?
Explain how drought could hurt both Jumano farmers and buffalo hunters.
What is drought reduced water for crops and killed grasses, causing buffalo to move away?
Explain two ways farming changed early communities.
What are allowing permanent settlements, supporting population growth, and allowing specialized jobs?
Explain why Coahuiltecan groups relied on hunting and gathering rather than extensive farming.
What is the dry southern Texas climate made farming difficult, so they moved to find animals and wild plants?
Explain why inland Atakapa groups farmed while coastal Atakapa groups relied more heavily on seafood.
What is inland land supported crops, while coastal marshes and saltwater flooding made farming difficult?
Name the three major pressures that harmed Jumano communities.
What are European diseases, drought, and Apache attacks?
Name the four culture areas discussed in the chapter and one Native American group from each.