Mise en Scene
Close up, long and cowboy
Shot proxemics
What they say and do, how they look, narratorial comment and other characters' comments + setting and symbolism
Characterisation
Texts are not mirrors of the real world; they are constructions
Representation
“I guess you could call it a 'failure', but I prefer the term "learning experience"
Mark Watney, protagonist of 'The Martian' by Andy Weir (2011)?
"Act now! Look around you. The time is now!"
Kairos - Appeal to reasoning as to the currency and relevance to the context of situation. Greek for 'right time'.
Extreme birds eye view, low and high
Angle
Temporal and spatial
Setting
The nature of the implied speakers in a text
Voice
"Watching you do all [this] on my behalf set me up to become someone who isn't afraid to demand what she deserves. To call out injustice where she sees it."
Olivia Muscat to her mother in her memoir 'Selected Epistles', published in Growing Up Disabled in Australia (2021) by Carly Findlay (ed).
"This silky-smooth formula has been backed by dermatologists."
Ethos - Appeal to a belief in credibility or authority. Greek for 'custom' or 'character'.
Horizontal, vertical, triangular
Composition
The emotional resonance of the language selected
Tone
Broad categories based on form/structure or content/subject
Genre
“I wanted to be part of the world but I didn’t see anyone like me in it.”
Jimmy LeBrecht, co-producer and self-reflexive subject in Crip Camp, documentary (2020)
"We have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery, but we also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut."
Logos - Appeal to reason through data, statistics and 'common sense'. Greek for 'reason', 'principle' or 'logic'.
Natural, high key, backlit
Lighting
A repeated object, quote, gesture, action
Motif
World view; shared beliefs and practices; ways of thinking
Ideology
"Thirteen me panic body don't go outside go home go to bed. Every time cross the road speak in class. Heart racing no breath. Everyone see me too much stop stop."
Patrick Gunasekera, neurodivergent stream of consciousness memoir 'Chlorophyll Like Pink', published in Growing Up Disabled in Australia (2021) by Carly Findlay (ed).
"If you love me, you’ll keep me safe by buying me a new phone, so that it never fails me if I am in trouble or frightened."
Pathos - Appeal to the heart, passion and gut - using emotively-charged examples and highly connotative language. Greek for suffering or experience.
Full front, quarter turn, profile
The entire story is framed through this lens
Narrative point of view
A position from which something can be viewed and considered
Perspective
"Good heavens, something’s wriggling out of the shadow like a grey snake. Now it’s another one, and another. They look like tentacles to me....It’s large, large as a bear and it glistens like wet leather...The eyes are black and gleam like a serpent. The mouth is V-shaped with saliva dripping from its rimless lips that seem to quiver and pulsate."
Carl Phillips, journalist, character in Orson Welles' radio play 'War of the Worlds' (1938). Adapted from H.G. Wells novel of the same name (1897).
This philosophical concept considers all living beings as part of a whole that works together for some universal purposes. Everything in the world has its own purpose or goal, and these goals are linked to each other: all things in nature are interdependent.
Telos - appeal to a goal or aim. Greek for a purpose, end or true final function.