OUCO
These are the two categories that an undercover operation can fall into.
What are major and minor?
This Canadian law establishes the requirements for banks to help prevent money laundering and terrorist financing.
What is the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA)?
This section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom secures against unreasonable search and seizure.
What is Section 8?
This FIRAC term means torture or other cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
What is Mistreatment?
This person is responsible for the well being of the UC operator and is primary contact for investigators.
What is a cover person?
This money transfer system operates without formal banking records and often provides more favorable exchange rates than traditional banks.
What is Hawala (or What is an Informal Value Transfer System)?
This case establishes that IP addresses attract a reasonable expectation of privacy under section 8 of the Charter.
What is R v Bykovets?
To meet this threshold, a risk must be personal, present and foreseeable; based on more than mere theory or speculation; and more likely than not to occur.
What is Substantial Risk Threshold?
This unit can actively engage a subject online to aid, assist, dismantle, disrupt or provide evidence.
What is the OUCO (Online Undercover Operations) Unit?
These financial instruments can be funded in one country and spent globally while maintaining user anonymity, making them attractive for illicit purposes.
What are prepaid cards (or credit cards)?
This case law established that a domestic production order is enforceable against foreign entities so long as they have a real and substantial “virtual” connection to Canada and possession or control over the sought-after data (regardless of its location).
What is R v Brecknell?
This Act's obligations preventing mistreatment apply to all individuals regardless of their citizenship status in information exchanges.
What is ACMFEA (Avoiding Complicity in Mistreatment by Foreign Entities Act)?
These three entities must all approve an operational plan that includes an undercover component.
What are Divisional Criminal Operations (CrOps), National HQ Covert Operations, and Federal Policing National Security (FPNS)?
These TWO primary obligations are placed on chartered banks under PCMLTFA to prevent financial crimes.
What are record-keeping AND client identification requirements?
This Criminal Code section provides for a warrant authorizing a peace officer to search for digital assets using a computer program and “Seize” the digital assets.
What is Section 462.321?
These three actions involving information with a foreign entity that includes personal identifiable information constitute an Information Exchange.
What are requesting, disclosing, and using information?