This type of rock stress is caused by parallel, opposing forces.
What is Shear Stress?
100
This is snow that has survived a summer melt season.
What is firn?
100
These are semi-circular hollows found at the head of an alpine glacier.
What are Cirques (accept: Corries)?
100
Ground water will emerge from its subsurface location at one of these.
What is an Area of Discharge?
100
This is the pattern found on metallic meteorites formed within the core of a differentiated asteroid.
What is the Widmanstatten Pattern?
200
The sections of fold on either side of the axial plane have this anatomical name.
What are Limbs?
200
Alpine glaciers in temperate climates will most likely move using this method of glacial translation.
What is Basal Sliding?
200
Flooded glacial troughs are known as fjords. What is the general shape of these troughs?
What is U-Shaped?
200
This is the relative measure of space in a rock sample compared to its total volume.
What is Porosity?
200
These notably weighty chemicals will sink to the impermeable rock underlying a water table if they seep from a landfill, providing incredible contamination.
What are Heavy Metals?
300
A fault characterized by the downward movement of two hanging walls blocks straddling a central footwall block is known as this.
What is a Horst Structure?
300
These are bands of dirty and clean ice caused by seasonal depositions and changes in ice density within crevasses.
What are Ogives?
300
A irregular topography caused by supraglacial deposits and isolated patches of melting glaciers is characterized by these two structures.
What are Hummocks and Swales?
300
In the subsurface geology of Cootes Paradise, the rock that underlies the gravel aquaduct could be consider to be this.
What is an Aquitard?
300
The width of a sedimentary log measures this.
What is Grain Size?
400
This geological principle is exemplified with the baker's analogy: a layer cake (pattern) has to be baked (established) before it can be sliced (disrupted).
What is the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships?
400
The equilibrium line will move downward if a glacier has this type of budget.
What is a Positive Budget?
400
The collapse of material due to the melting of ground ice is known as this.
What is Thermokarsting?
400
Sediments of fine rock flour that form within the ablation zone of a retreating glacier can be referred to as this.
What is a Glaciolacustrine Deposit?
400
The presence of iron or nickel-containing rocks can be indicated by measuring this geophysical property.
What is Magnetic Susceptibility?
500
The Great Unconformity occurs within these two surface structures of the GTA.
What is the Canadian Shield (Precambrian layer) and the Bedrock of the Niagara Escarpment (Deposition of Tropical Paleozoic Lakes)?
500
This is a famous outlet glacier in Iceland. If you can pronounce it, you get 1000 points.
What is Breidamerkurjokull?
500
Heaving of stones can be caused by the growth of ice in these crystalline structures.
What is Pipraker?
500
These chemicals do not degrade by passing through domestic septic systems (Name 2).
What are nitrates, chlorides, potassium, and organic carbon.
500
The boundary between the vadose zone and the saturated zone is known as this.