Composition
This is what allows atoms to connect to other atoms.
What are ionic bonds? (atoms share valence electrons with other atoms and they form ions, creating ionic bonds among them)
In the case of Chromium and Copper, they're exceptions to the rules of electron configuration.
What are half-full and full d sub-shells. (Partially filled d sub-shells are more unstable than being half-full or full)
The number of valence electrons Moscovium contains.
What are 5 valence electrons? (The number of an element's valence electrons correlates to its column number, disregarding the d-block. (i.e.) Column IA contains 1 valence electron and column 8 has 8 valence electrons, Helium being an exception with only 2)
These forms are connected through the same element and chemical composition, yet vary through their electrons and atomic masses.
What are isotopes? (Isotopes are variants of the same element. The main cause of their differences are the number of neutrons they contain, as that affects their atomic mass)
These things make up the atomic mass of atoms.
What are protons and neutrons? (Protons and neutrons compose the majority of an atom's mass and are located in the nucleus, while electrons have very little mass and contribute little to none of the atom's mass
Atoms gain or lose electrons in order to achieve this state.
What are full orbitals? (atoms convert to ions in order to be more stable)
These two terms describe the types of ions that form when atoms share electrons.
What are cations and anions? (Cations are + charged ions and anions are - charged ions. These form when atoms form ionic bonds and the charges of these ions cancel each other out.)
The _______ _________ is the relative amount of isotopes found in nature.
What is percent/natural abundance?
The relationship between the electrons, protons, and neutrons of an atom.
What are subatomic particles? (electrons, protons, and neutrons are incomplete particles that form together to compose whole atoms, thus the name subatomic particles)
These four letters represent the increasing energy of an atom's electron subshells.
What are the s, p, d, f of electron configurations (Respectively, s: sharp, p: principal, d: diffuse, f: fundamental. On the Period Table, these letters also divide certain elements into their own specified groups to form electron configurations)
The reason for a section of elements to be placed at the bottom of the Periodic Table.
What is "Convenience"? (Lanthanoids and Actinoids were placed at the bottom of the Periodic Table to not have the table extend too long)
What is AZ X? (X= chemical symbol, A= mass number, Z= number of protons)
This scientific occurrence happens when an electron drops to a lower energy level.
What is a Photon? (An electron uses energy when excited to move up an energy level. When it returns to its ground state, that energy is then emitted as a photon/quantum of light)
True or False: the Hund's rule states that electron orbitals must be occupied with one up-spin electron each first, before filling in with a down-spin electron.
What is True? (The Hund's rule applies as in an orbital, when it is occupied by two electrons, they must have [arrows of] opposite spins in order to cancel out each's magnetic field)
A pattern that is usually proved among the IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, and VIIA columns of elements in the Periodic Table.
What is +1, +2, +3, +-4, -3, -2, -1 (Usually/In most cases, it could be observed the elements in these columns/families possess these charges when converted to ions)
The average atomic mass of Iron's naturally-occurring and stable isotopes: 54Fe (5.8%), 56Fe (91.7%), 57Fe (2.2%) and 58Fe (0.3%).
What is 55.91 amu? (The formula to calculating average atomic mass is avg mass = (mass1 x percent abundance1) + (mass2 x percent abundance2) + (etc.)... make sure to multiply the percent by 100, as a percentage is a fraction of 100)
The ______ and ________ of valence electrons determines the reactivity of an atom.
a. mass, protons b. symbol, number c. amount, distance
What are amount and distance? (The number and distance of valence electrons affect an atom's reactivity, as it measures its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms and the more shells an atom contains, the farther its valence electrons will be from the nucleus and the less attraction there will be.)
This is the reason behind the occurrence of atoms sharing electrons.
What are incomplete valence shells? (Atoms are unstable when valence shells are incomplete and partially filled. When this occurs, they have a greater tendency to fill their valence shells and/or other atoms' valence shells)
This is the abbreviated electron configuration of Lead.
What is [Xe] 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p²? (The complete electron configuration of Lead is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2, the noble gas of the previous line on the periodic table is Xe (Xenon). Xe is placed in brackets, the rest of the electron configurations follow afterwards)
The ______ of Thallium-205 shows its ______ ____.
What is number, average atomic mass? (Isotope name: [name of element]-[atomic mass])