Vocabulary
Cash Crop
Plants grown for the purpose of making money
What was the economy of the New England colonies based on?
Fishing and lumber
New Netherlands was founded by the Dutch. What did it eventually become and who controlled it?
New York, the English
Who founded the colony of Georgia and what was his reason?
James Oglethorpe
It was meant to be a place where debtors could work, earn money, and repay their debts.
Name the 4 main cash crops grown in colonial America
Tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo
Commerce
The buying and selling of goods
Why was farming so difficult in these colonies?
Harsh climate, short growing season, poor, rocky soils
Which colony was created as a "Holy Experiment" and which religious group lived there?
Pennsylvania; the Quakers
What colony was founded as a haven for Catholics and who established it?
Maryland; George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
The middle colonies were known as the _________?
Breadbasket of colonial America
Assembly
A government legislature (body) made up of representatives of people in a certain place
What famous Native American was vital to the survival of the early settlers? Whom did he help and how?
Squanto spoke English and taught the Pilgrims how to plant corn using fish as fertilizer.
The Duke of York, George Carteret, and John Berkely are famous names in the establishment and history of what colony?
New Jersey
The economy of the southern colonies was based upon ___________.
Agriculture
Give the major difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans
The Pilgrims were Separatists. They broke away from the Church of England.
Proprietors
People with the legal right or title to something
Which religious group wanted their settlement to be "A City on a Hill?"
What did they require all families to sign?
What was the purpose of this document?
The Puritans
A covenant, or written agreement
Residents had to live by a set of high moral standards.
Farming was so successful in this region that growers were able to produce a ____________, which they could sell to other colonies.
Surplus of crops
What were Slave Codes?
Laws defining the status of slaves and the rights of their owners
Harsh restrictions: prevented them from learning how to read/write, leaving without permission, testifying in court, gathering in large numbers w/out white person present
In what colony was the first representative assembly and what was it called?
Virginia, the House of Burgesses
Encomiendas
Areas of land given to Spanish colonists which included the forced labor of Native Americans
Name 2 Puritan dissenters, what happened to them , and where they ended up.
William Bradford: should not take land from Native Americans and be more tolerant of other religions.
Anne Hutchinson: people should not be allowed to interpret the Bible themselves.
Bradsford: Providence, RI and Hutchinson: Portsmouth, RI
What two important principles in the U.S. Constitution were first established in the middle colonies?
Trial by jury and freedom of the press
Why did Carolina split into two separate colonies?
North: grew more slowly than the southern region, lack of good harbors for trade, forestry and tobacco economy
South: plantation economy, rice, tobacco, indigo; more harbors for trade, faster growth
What is the primary function or purpose of a colony?
To produce raw goods for the mother country, like gold, silver, fur, timber, wheat, fish, and cash crops.