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Normal newborn heart rate range
Your book says 120-140 (many go by 110-160)
Blue color to hands and feet in the first hours of life
Acrocyanosis
Breastmilk stool story; color, consistency, and smell
Yellow, stringy/pasty, sour
Fetal chest "squeeze" during vaginal birth
Pressure assists with clearing airways of amniotic fluid before the newborn's first breath
Priority intervention for evaporation
Dry immediately after birth and baths
Normal newborn resp rate range
30-60 breaths/min and periodic. What does periodic mean?
Self-limiting rash with scattered, small papules
Erythema toxicum (newborn rash)
Formula stool story; color, consistency, smell
Varies formula type; pasty/formed, green/brown, unpleasant
Why Eyes and Thighs?
Prophylactic eye treatment/opthalmia neonatorum. Vitamin K promotes production of clotting factors. 1 hour of birth.
A newborn is placed on a cold scale immediately after birth. Which mechanism of heat loss occurred?
Conduction. Priority intervention? Skin-to-skin with parent or on warmed surface
A high-pitched cry, and other signs/symptoms, can indicate this
Hypoglycemia. Other s/s; low temp, irritability, jitteriness, poor feeding, lethargy, sweating, cyanosis, apnea, seizures. Priority interventions?
The nurse notes multiple tiny white bumps on the infant's nose and cheeks. The parents ask if they should scrub the skin or apply lotion.
No, these are milia, exposed sebaceous glands with keratin, which will resolve on their own.
How does a parent know the newborn is getting enough to eat?
At least 6-10 wet diapers per day, content/calm after feedings. Nurses also know because of weight gain.
Reflexes provide newborns with safety and survival. Describe the Moro and rooting reflexes.
When startled, the arms fling outward, knees bend upward, then arms return to chest. When cheek is stroked, they turn toward the stimulus and open mouth.
The nurse enters the room and finds a newborn sleeping on its side with a large blanket
Safe sleep and neutral thermal environment education concepts
How to assess for a "clunk"
Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers, also uneven skin folds, leg lengths. Congenital Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH). Interventions?
When to notify the provider
Circumoral or central cyanosis, enlarging cephalohematoma, or cool/pale skin
Why are some newborns so spitty? If they need assistance clearing their airway, what is used?
Are they overfed? Need to be burped more frequently? Possibly d/t relaxed cardiac sphincter (LES). Bulb syringe; M before N.
One immunoglobulin crosses the placenta during pregnancy, providing passive immunity at birth, while another is abundant in breast milk to continue protection.
IgG and IgA
Purpose of brown fat
Nonshivering thermogenesis (metabolized for heat generation)
Symptoms of respiratory distress
Tachypnea, grunting, retractions, nasal flaring, circumoral cyanosis
What are the differences between newborn head variations?
Verbalize assessment values for fontanelles, molding, caput, & cephalhematoma
Metabolic (blood) screen parameters
Must be at least 24 hours old and feeding (protein and carb metabolism)
During the transition from fetal to newborn circulation, three vascular structures normally close. Which one can be heard as a heart murmur if not yet closed?
Ductus arteriosus. The other two are foramen ovale and ductus venosus.
A newborn's temperature is 96.8°F (36.0°C). They are jittery and lethargic before the next feeding. Which condition should the nurse suspect has developed as a result of cold stress?
Hypoglycemia (cold stress affected glucose homeostatsis)