Battles and Documents
--first two battles of the American Revolution
--shots fired at the first battle were called "the shot heard round the world"
Battles of Lexington and Concord
--American troops were low on ammunition and were told "Don't fire until you see the whites of their (British soldiers') eyes
--British won the hill on the 3rd attempt but lost 1000 men
Battle of Bunker Hill
Colonists who supported American independence and believed that the colonies needed to govern themselves.
Patriots
--Used by American troops in the Southern Colonies
--non-traditional fighting by small, mobile groups
--use tactics like surprise attacks, raids, and sabotage to wear down the enemy
Guerilla warfare
Which country got Florida after the American Revolution?
Spain
--Written by the 2nd Continental Congress after the Battles of Lexington and Concord
--Last attempt at peace with Britain
--Stated the colonies were still loyal to King George III
--Stated the colonies wanted to solve issues over taxation and trade peacefully
Olive Branch Petition
--written by Thomas Paine
--Tried to convince the colonies to declare independence from Britain
--Recommend that the colonies create a representative self-government
Common Sense
Colonists that supported British rule and wanted Great Britain to govern the colonies. These colonists often economically depended on Britain and felt a strong sense of loyalty to the Crown.
Loyalists
___ were mercenaries from ___ and were hired by the British to fight against the colonists during the American Revolution.
Hessians, Germany
--Document that officially ended the American Revolution
--Britain had to recognize the US as an independent country
--Established the boundaries of the US
Treaty of Paris 1783
--After crossing the Delaware River on Christmas night, Washington’s troops caught the Hessians by surprise
--The Americans won the battle, obtained supplies, and boosted their confidence
Battle of Trenton
--Written mostly by Thomas Jefferson
--Explained the colonies' reasons for breaking away from British rule
--Listed all the ways the British government had violated the rights of the colonists
Declaration of Independence
Enslaved African Americans were more likely to side with the ___ because ___.
British because the British offered them freedom if they fought for the British.
--December 1777 to June 1778
--At this winter camp, 2,500 of Washington's men died from exposure, disease, and starvation
--Soldiers were without shoes, blankets, clothing, food, and supplies
Valley Forge
Under ___, citizens would get to participate in government by electing their representatives and citizens would have their rights protected.
Republicanism
--The Americans won the second battle after British General Burgoyne never recieved reinforcements
--Considered the turning point of the War
--France officially joins as a US ally after this battle
Battle of Saratoga
--The French Navy blockaded the Chesapeake Bay
--The French and American troops surrounded the British on land
--With no ability to escape or get reinforcements, British General Cornwallis surrendered
--Final major battle of the war
Battle of Yorktown
Native Americans were more likely to side with ____ because ____.
British because they had protected their lands with the Proclamation of 1763 from colonists
--Trained Washington's troops at Valley Forge from December 1777 to June 1778.
--With his training, Washington's Army went from untrained and undisciplined to a confident and disciplined fighting force.
--Former military officer from Prussia
Baron von Steuben
After the war, most Americans favored ___, a government system with no king or queen, but instead, elected representatives.
Republicanism
In this document, Thomas Jefferson borrowed ideas from John Locke. For example, if a government violates the rights of the people, the people should overthrow that government and create a new one.
Declaration of Independence
This pamphlet used plain and simple language to convince American colonists that they needed to break away from Britain because Britain was mistreating the colonies.
Common Sense
1. "if we declare independence, we will lose all assistance from our friends in Britain"
2. "a government of our own is our natural right"
Is person 1 a Patriot or a Loyalist?
Is person 2 a Patriot or a Loyalist?
Person 1 = Loyalist
Person 2 = Patriot
--shortages on supplies, including food, clothing, weapons, and ammunition
--small army and navy
--most soldiers were untrained, volunteers at the beginning of the war (until Valley Forge)
Are these American or British strengths or weaknesses?
American weaknesses
In the Treaty of Paris, the US got the British land between the ___ River and the ___ Coast.
Mississippi River
Atlantic Coast