The Conquest
Before the Spanish arrived, they built roads, farms, and large cities in the Andes Mountains.
What is the Inca Empire?
Under this economic system, colonies sent gold and crops to Spain and were forced to buy Spanish products.
What is mercantilism?
Ideas from these two famous revolutions inspired the people of South America to fight for independence.
What are the American and French Revolutions?
During the 1900s, governments encouraged this process to reduce their dependence on foreign goods.
What is industrialization?
While Spanish is the main language, native languages like Aymara and this one are still spoken heavily in Bolivia and Peru.
What is Quechua?
This Spanish explorer arrived in 1532 to conquer the Incas.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
This social class held the most power and consisted solely of people born in Spain.
Who are the Peninsulares?
Along with Simón Bolívar, this famous leader helped free South American countries from Spanish rule.
Who is José de San Martín?
Leaders like Salvador Allende and this Argentine figure supported workers and social reforms.
Who is Juan Perón?
Argentina and Uruguay are known for European traditions, including this famous dance.
What is the tango?
The Spanish defeated the Inca empire after capturing this leader.
Who is Atahualpa?
This term described people of Spanish families who were born in the Americas.
Who are the Criollos?
In 1824, this specific battle helped end Spanish control in the region.
What is the Battle of Ayacucho?
When military dictatorships took control in countries like Chile and Argentina, they used these two oppressive tactics against the people.
What are repression and censorship?
This trade group helps countries in the Andes and Pampas work together and import across borders.
What is MERCOSUR?
Aside from horses, guns, and steel, this invisible European threat killed many Indigenous people.
What are diseases?
This social class consisted of people with both Spanish and Indigenous ancestry.
Who are the Mestizos?
After independence, wealthy criollos often controlled power through these small ruling groups.
What are oligarchies?
By this decade, democracy finally returned to many South American countries.
What are the 1980s?
The region faces environmental problems such as pollution, mining, and this issue that destroys forests.
What is deforestation?
The Incas utilized these two precious metals for art and religion.
What are gold and silver?
During the colonial period, the Spanish forced Native Americans to work and brought these people to South America to serve as forced labor.
Who are enslaved Africans?
During a period of political instability, these military leaders became highly influential.
What are caudillos?
In the late 1800s, immigrants from these two continents increased the region's population.
What are Europe and Asia?
Modern economic growth in the region is driven by exporting products like coffee, wheat, sugar, and this fruit.
What are grapes?