Before this crop was introduced, Europeans used honey for sweetness
What is sugar?
100
The Arabs rejected this Ancient Greek philosophy of health.
What is the Theory of Humors?
100
This plant-based fiber helps make clothes—and became a major crop in the Southern U.S. associated with slavery.
What is cotton?
100
This number signifies nothing.
What is zero?
100
Even today, this tree bark is used to seal bottles of wine.
What is cork?
200
Americans drink the juice of this fruit for breakfast
What are oranges?
200
In the Middle Ages, Christians believed cutting human bodies was sinful, and so the Arabs developed advanced knowledge about this life-saving medical technique.
What is surgery?
200
Arabs introduced advanced techniques of this method of watering fields, including underground canals, water-lifting devices, and cisterns.
What is irrigation?
200
Thanks to these, none of us has to figure out how to divide with Roman numbers.
What are Arabic numbers?
200
Kids hunt for this every Halloween.
What is candy?
300
This leafy green vegetable gives a cartoon sailor super-strength.
What is spinach?
300
If you have a minor injury or get sick at 2 a.m., you'll probably go to one of these facilities for help.
What are 24-hour hospitals?
300
This horticultural practice involves cutting part of a plant and attaching it to another to helps propagate species.
What is grafting?
300
This is a method of creating new land from ocean, river, or lake beds.
What is land reclamation?
300
The name for small oranges which come from the coastal Moroccan town called Tangier.
What is tangerine?
400
One way to eat this "vegetable" is to pull its petals, dip them in butter, and then pull the flesh off between your teeth.
What are artichokes?
400
Thanks to technology the Arabs learned from the Chinese, people stopped writing on papyrus. Increased use of this helped the Arabs reproduce the Koran and spread their religion.
What is paper?
400
Eating seasonally is an idea that wouldn't have been possible if the Arabs hadn't realized that they could use land to grow different plants throughout the year by doing this.
What is crop rotation?
400
These combo land and living places are most commonly associated with wealthy owners in the antebellum South. But the Arabs introduced these in Europe, with on-site sugar mills and sugar refineries.
What are plantations?
400
This kind of math helps you solve for x.
What is algebra?
500
Syrup from this grain is popular in the Southern U.S., and it's often confused with molasses.
What is sorghum?
500
This science helps produce "test tube babies."
What is artificial insemination?
500
A modern version of this is called the Farmer's Almanac. The Arabs used them to chart specific details about the plants they grew.
What are agricultural manuals / diaries / logs?
500
Thanks to the improved agricultural practices, the Arabs were able to increase this in Europe--which also led to an increase in population and urbanization.