WHY READ SMOKE
TERMINOLOGY
HOSTILE FIRE EVENTS
THE BASICS
SMOKE
100
To ________________ how much FIRE
What is determine
100
Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquids surface.
What is Flash Point
100
Flashover - Backdraft - Smoke Explosion - Rapid Fire Spread
What is hostile fire events
100
Gases; Aerosols; Particulates. Concept #1
What is Smoke is fuel
100
Volume - Velocity (Pressure) - Density - Color
What is Key Attributes
200
To help find the ___________ of the fire
What is location
200
Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited.
What is Fire Point
200
WARNING SIGNS: Turbulent Smoke - “Rollover” - Auto Ignition outside
What is Flashover
200
Concept #2: Fuels have changed
What is Mass and Make-up
200
Always relative to the “Box” - Tells “how much” fuel has off-gassed - Sets the Stage
What is volume
300
To help predict ____________ potential
What is collapse
300
The minimum temperature to which a fuel in air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion independent of the heating source.
What is Ignition Temperature
300
Yellowish-grey smoke - Whistling - Bowing windows - “Sealed” containers
What is Backdraft
300
Concept #3: Flash Point; Fire Point; Ignition Temperature
What is Fuel Triggers
300
How fast is the smoke leaving? - Can indicate volume or heat - Helps find the location of the actual fire
What is Velocity (Pressure)
400
To help _____________ Strategies & Tactics
What is prioritize
400
Early, Growth, or Late
What is stages of fire
400
Trapped gases in upper areas - Growing fire - Increasing smoke density - Air intake overtaking smoke exiting
What is SMOKE EXPLOSION
400
Smoke–Cloud ___________ is likely after flashover
What is ignition
400
Most Important Factor - Quality of Burning - Continuity of Fuel - Likelihood of an Event - “Degree” of the Event
What is Density
500
To PROTECT Firefighters from a _________ _________ ___________.
What is Hostile Fire Event
500
Sometimes known as streamline flow, occurs when smoke flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers.
What is Laminar Smoke
500
Usually “Container” Influenced - Look for fast moving smoke in high pressure zones - May result from another “event”
What is Rapid Fire Spread
500
____________ is triggered by O2 being introduced to pressurized smoke that is ABOVE it’s ignition temperature
What is Backdraft
500
Rarely tells “material” burning - Stage of Heating - Location of Fire - “Brown” Smoke
What is Color
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