Ethos, Pathos, Logos
This appeal tries to persuade by using facts, statistics, or logical reasoning.
What is LOGOS?
“Don’t listen to his opinion about school rules — he got detention last week.”
What is AD HOMINEM?
The author’s main idea that they will argue to prove.
What is CLAIM?
“Everyone in our grade is getting this brand of shoes, so they must be the best.”
What is BANDWAGON?
“This backpack weighs a thousand pounds.”
What is HYPERBOLE?
This appeal persuades by triggering emotions like fear, pride, or sympathy
What is PATHOS?
“I met two rude students from that school, so everyone there must be rude.”
What is HASTY GENERALIZATION?
Facts that support a claim
What is EVIDENCE?
“This cereal is so good because it's the best.”
What is CIRCULAR REASONING?
“Are we just going to sit back and do nothing?”
What is RHETORICAL QUESTION?
This appeal relies on credibility or expert authority.
What is ETHOS?
“You say we should limit homework, but you just want students to stop working altogether.”
What is STRAW MAN?
How a person feels about something whether they have a valid reason or not.
What is BIAS?
“If we allow students to redo one assignment, soon they’ll expect to redo everything, and eventually grades won’t matter at all.”
What is SLIPPERY SLOPE?
“School is like a training ground for life.”
What is ANALOGY?
“If we don’t act now, innocent families will suffer and communities will collapse.”
What is PATHOS (or Appeal to Emotion)
“Why are we talking about cafeteria food when there are bigger problems like world hunger?”
What is RED HERRING?
The quality of being reliable or trustworthy
What is CREDIBLE/CREDIBILITY?
“I started studying with a new pen, and I made an A on my test. The pen must be lucky.”
What is POST HOC (FALSE CAUSE)?
“The quiet library stood in contrast to the loud, chaotic cafeteria.”
What is JUXTAPOSITION?
“This must be true because the American Medical Association says so.”
What is ETHOS? (or Appeal to Authority)
“If you truly care about children’s safety, you’ll support this rule immediately.”
What is APPEAL TO EMOTION?
An argument made against the counterargument to prove it is faulty.
What is REBUTTAL?
“This energy drink is completely safe because a Lebron James says he drinks it every day.”
What is APPEAL TO AUTHORITY?
Calling a proposal “a reckless and dangerous experiment.”
What is LOADED LANGUAGE?