Exploration & Colonization
What were the three main motivations for European exploration?
Gold, God, Glory
Name one product that was introduced to the Americas through the Columbian Exchange.
Horses, wheat, sugar, etc.
Who believed in natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
What was one effect of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on Africa?
Population loss, warfare, weakened societies, etc.
Which European explorer is credited with “discovering” America?
Christopher Columbus
Which European country first reached the Americas in 1492?
Spain
What was the Middle Passage?
The brutal journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
Which thinker argued for the separation of powers in government?
Montesquieu
What was one short-term effect of the Columbian Exchange?
Disease spread, new foods, new animals, etc.
What year did Columbus arrive in the Americas?
1492
What major trade route closed, motivating Europeans to find new trade routes?
The Silk Road
How did indigenous groups react to European colonization?
Some resisted, some allied, many suffered great losses
What did Rousseau believe about government?
It should be based on a social contract.
How did slavery impact economies in the Americas?
Provided free labor, increased wealth, etc.
What document limited the power of the English monarchy and influenced Enlightenment ideas?
Magna Carta
What system forced indigenous people to work for Spanish colonists?
The Encomienda System
What were the three regions involved in the Triangle Trade?
Europe, Africa, Americas
How did Enlightenment ideas spread?
Books, newspapers, salons, education, etc.
Why did Europeans enslave Africans instead of other groups?
Racism, immunity to diseases, skilled farmers, etc.
What system did European nations use to control trade and wealth in their colonies?
Mercantilism
Which empire did Hernán Cortés conquer?
The Aztec Empire
Name one long-term impact of European colonization.
Cultural blending, political borders, language changes, economic shifts, etc.
What Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution?
Democracy, individual rights, rejection of monarchy, etc.
How did the Atlantic World shape today’s world?
Global trade, racial inequalities, diverse cultures, etc.
What Enlightenment thinker influenced the U.S. Constitution's idea of checks and balances?
Montesquieu